The Effects of Stroke on Oral Function and Oral Health: A Qualitative Study.

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in Aotearoa New Zealand, often resulting in a range of physical and cognitive impairments. The impacts of stroke on oral function and oral health are not well understood from the survivors' perspective, yet the latter are crucial for overall wellbeing. This qualitative study explored the perceived impact of stroke on oral function (biting, chewing, and swallowing) and oral health through the narratives of stroke survivors.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine Aotearoa New Zealand-based stroke survivors who experienced an ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke more than 6 months prior to the interviews. The interviews aimed to explore participants' experiences with oral function and oral health and access to oral care during stroke rehabilitation. Transcripts were analysed using inductive content analysis to identify key categories.

Results: Four main categories emerged: (1) challenges in oral care and oral function; (2) the need to improve health services support in post-stroke oral care; (3) barriers to accessing post-stroke oral care; (4) post-stroke oral adaptations and lifestyle changes. Participants experienced a range of challenges in oral function and oral health following stroke. Swallowing difficulties, weakened bite strength, oral sensory changes, and decreased and poor oral hygiene practices emerged as common occurrences. Participants of this study also highlighted the lack of oral health support during inpatient care, emphasising the need for improvement in this area.

Conclusion: Stroke impacts oral function and oral health of survivors, revealing gaps in oral health provision and follow-up in current healthcare settings.