Jiles-Atherton-Based Core Loss Modeling for Transformers under Reverse Power Flow from Distributed PV Systems

Abstract

In response to the problem that the power flow reverse caused by large-scale distributed photovoltaic(PV) grid connection leads to the voltage increase of the distribution network, which in turn significantly affects the accuracy of transformer core loss calculation, this paper reveals the mechanism of power flow reverse causing the voltage increase on the secondary side of the transformer, and points out the serious failure of the traditional core loss model under this working condition. To solve this problem, an core loss correction model based on Jiles-Atherton (J-A) hysteresis theory was proposed innovatively. This model quantifies the nonlinear magnetization process of the core in the voltage rise and approaching saturation through the J-A equation, and decomposes the dynamic core loss into hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and residual loss. The model was verified by using Maxwell-Simplorer field-circuit collaborative simulation and a small capacity transformer experimental platform. The model provides a reliable theoretical basis and technical support for the accurate evaluation of transformer losses, the optimization of power grid economic operation, and the formulation of network loss allocation strategies when a high proportion of new energy is connected to the power grid. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.