Dormitory Trees Preference and Distribution of the Tree Hyrax (Dendrohyrax interfluvialis) in a West African Forest

Abstract

Tropical forests across West Africa are experiencing increasing pressures from habitat loss and fragmentation, threatening the persistence of many endemic species. The Lama Classified Forest, a remnant of semi-deciduous dense forest within the Dahomey Gap, represents one of the last refuges of the Benin tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax interfluvialis). To improve understanding of its ecology, a field survey was conducted between July and September 2022 along five sampling transects to document roosting preferences and assess spatial distribution patterns. A total of 311 trees were surveyed through combined daytime and nocturnal observations, with most belonging to Dialium guineense (50%) and Diospyros mespiliformis (33%). Logistic regression model revealed that tree crown diameter and cavity height were significant factors influencing positively dormitory selection. Relative encounter rates were highest in the forest core (2.62 contacts/km), with an aggregated spatial distribution across the core area. Vocal activity showed a bimodal pattern, with peaks around 22:00 and 06:00, consisting of a repertoire of calls with social and territorial functions. These findings emphasize the need to conserve large D. guineense and D. mespiliformis trees, safeguard key habitats with stable canopy and connected tree crowns and minimize anthropogenic disturbance to ensure the long-term persistence of this vulnerable species. Future work should prioritise year-round monitoring and more detailed population assessments to inform and strengthen ongoing conservation strategies.