Impact of Resisted Inspiratory Training Using the NU SpiroBreath Device on Diaphragmatic Muscle Activity: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Adults.
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Abstract
Background and purpose: The NU SpiroBreath device was developed as a novel respiratory training tool to support post-operative recovery in cardiac and thoracic surgery patients. While previous studies have demonstrated its safety and user acceptability, its effect on diaphragmatic muscle activation during resisted inspiratory maneuvers has not been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to assess diaphragmatic muscle activity during deep inspiratory breathing with and without resistance using the NU SpiroBreath device in healthy adults.
Methods: Twelve healthy male participants (aged 20-30 years) participated in a single-blind, randomized, two-period crossover trial. Participants performed deep inspiratory breathing maneuvers using the NU SpiroBreath device under two conditions: 0 cm H2O (sham) and 10 cm H2O (resistance), with a 2-week washout period between sessions. Each session included a 5-min baseline control followed by three sets of 10 deep inspiratory efforts (DI1-DI3), separated by 1-min rest intervals. Diaphragm muscle activity was assessed using high-resolution surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded at 4000 Hz, filtered (20-500 Hz), and analyzed using root mean square (RMS) values.
Results: Significant increases in diaphragmatic muscle activity were observed from baseline at both resistance levels (p < 0.05). At 0 cm H2O, activity increased during DI1 and DI2; at 10 cm H2O, increased activation was sustained across DI1, DI2, and DI3. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the 0 cm H2O and 10 cm H2O conditions (p > 0.05), suggesting that even minimal resistance elicits robust diaphragmatic recruitment in untrained healthy individuals.
Discussion: Inspiratory training using the NU SpiroBreath device significantly enhances diaphragmatic muscle activation regardless of resistance level. These findings support its utility as a safe, low-burden respiratory training tool.
期刊介绍：
Physiotherapy Research International is an international peer reviewed journal dedicated to the exchange of knowledge that is directly relevant to specialist areas of physiotherapy theory, practice, and research. Our aim is to promote a high level of scholarship and build on the current evidence base to inform the advancement of the physiotherapy profession. We publish original research on a wide range of topics e.g. Primary research testing new physiotherapy treatments; methodological research; measurement and outcome research and qualitative research of interest to researchers, clinicians and educators. Further, we aim to publish high quality papers that represent the range of cultures and settings where physiotherapy services are delivered. We attract a wide readership from physiotherapists and others working in diverse clinical and academic settings. We aim to promote an international debate amongst the profession about current best evidence based practice. Papers are directed primarily towards the physiotherapy profession, but can be relevant to a wide range of professional groups. The growth of interdisciplinary research is also key to our aims and scope, and we encourage relevant submissions from other professional groups. The journal actively encourages submissions which utilise a breadth of different methodologies and research designs to facilitate addressing key questions related to the physiotherapy practice. PRI seeks to encourage good quality topical debates on a range of relevant issues and promote critical reflection on decision making and implementation of physiotherapy interventions.
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