The Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Hair: Beneficial Effects or Adverse Outcomes?

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have transformed the treatment of type II diabetes and obesity. Since their introduction, studies continue to reveal their beneficial effects in a range of other conditions. However, hair loss associated with GLP-1RAs is still a controversial topic. This narrative review explores the current evidence linking GLP-1RAs to hair-related conditions because, while some studies have reported hair regrowth in patients with androgenetic alopecia and a decrease in inflammatory infiltrate in patients with cicatricial alopecia, many more have suggested association with telogen effluvium. Given the heterogeneity of current reports, careful clinical evaluation, monitoring weight trends, and assessing relevant laboratory parameters is recommended. Prospective, controlled studies, including immunohistochemical or molecular profiling of GLP-1 receptor expression in human hair follicles, are necessary to better clarify the potential role of GLP-1RAs in hair biology, to inform safe prescribing practices and to avoid discontinuation of a beneficial treatment.