A spatial typology of energy (in)efficiency in the private rental sector in England and Wales using Energy Performance Certificates.

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science Pub Date : 2025-09-02 eCollection Date: 2025-11-01 DOI:10.1177/23998083251377128

Caitlin Robinson, Ed Atkins, Tom Cantellow, Meixu Chen, Lenka Hasova, Alex Singleton

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Abstract

Like many countries globally, the private rental sector in England and Wales contains some of the lowest quality and energy inefficient properties, despite being home to some of the most vulnerable households. We present a new data product that classifies small areas based on the energy (in)efficiency characteristics of private rental properties. Newly available Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) data enables us to analyse detailed energy and housing characteristics for 3.9 million private rentals (∼78.8% of total sector), the most comprehensive dataset of its kind, using k-means clustering. Demographic datasets allow us to explore wider socio-spatial inequalities, and uncertainties associated with granular - but at-times incomplete - EPC data. The classification can be used to evidence how inefficiency is spatially concentrated and fragmented, with a diverse range of energy and housing conditions shaping the everyday lives of tenants.

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能源效率的空间类型在私人租赁部门在英格兰和威尔士使用能源绩效证书。

像全球许多国家一样，英格兰和威尔士的私人租赁部门包含一些质量最低、能效低下的房产，尽管这里居住着一些最脆弱的家庭。我们提出了一种新的数据产品，根据私人租赁物业的能源效率特征对小区域进行分类。新获得的能源绩效证书（EPC）数据使我们能够使用k-means聚类分析390万私人租赁（约占总部门的78.8%）的详细能源和住房特征，这是同类数据集中最全面的数据集。人口统计数据集使我们能够探索更广泛的社会空间不平等，以及与粒度（但有时不完整）EPC数据相关的不确定性。这种分类可以用来证明低效率是如何在空间上集中和分散的，不同的能源和住房条件塑造了租户的日常生活。

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