{"title":"Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Contact and Atopic Dermatitis: A Comparative Review.","authors":"Jihye Maeng, Sekyoo Jeong, Hyunjung Kim","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.173","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, consists of 5 distinct layers, with the stratum corneum (SC) serving as the primary barrier. Disruption of skin barrier leads to inflammatory skin conditions, including irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and atopic dermatitis (AD). ICD arises from direct damage to the SC by irritants, while ACD is mediated by a type IV hypersensitivity. AD is characterized by chronic inflammation and genetic defects that compromise barrier integrity. Accordingly, strategies aimed at barrier restoration, such as the use of ceramide-based moisturizers, are key therapeutic approaches. Recent guidelines emphasize the importance of barrier-enhancing interventions, yet compliance remains a challenge in occupational settings. This review explores the implications of skin barrier dysfunction in contact dermatitis and AD, highlighting emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring barrier function and reducing disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047437/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.173","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ALLERGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, consists of 5 distinct layers, with the stratum corneum (SC) serving as the primary barrier. Disruption of skin barrier leads to inflammatory skin conditions, including irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and atopic dermatitis (AD). ICD arises from direct damage to the SC by irritants, while ACD is mediated by a type IV hypersensitivity. AD is characterized by chronic inflammation and genetic defects that compromise barrier integrity. Accordingly, strategies aimed at barrier restoration, such as the use of ceramide-based moisturizers, are key therapeutic approaches. Recent guidelines emphasize the importance of barrier-enhancing interventions, yet compliance remains a challenge in occupational settings. This review explores the implications of skin barrier dysfunction in contact dermatitis and AD, highlighting emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring barrier function and reducing disease burden.
期刊介绍：
The journal features cutting-edge original research, brief communications, and state-of-the-art reviews in the specialties of allergy, asthma, and immunology, including clinical and experimental studies and instructive case reports. Contemporary reviews summarize information on topics for researchers and physicians in the fields of allergy and immunology. As of January 2017, AAIR do not accept case reports. However, if it is a clinically important case, authors can submit it in the form of letter to the Editor. Editorials and letters to the Editor explore controversial issues and encourage further discussion among physicians dealing with allergy, immunology, pediatric respirology, and related medical fields. AAIR also features topics in practice and management and recent advances in equipment and techniques for clinicians concerned with clinical manifestations of allergies and pediatric respiratory diseases.
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