Developing a web-based virtual caring laboratory to enhance nursing students’ caring competence: an ADDIE study

Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-24 DOI:10.1016/j.ijans.2026.101055

Meidiana Dwidiyanti , Rita Hadi Widyastuti , Nur Setiawati Dewi , Dini Nurul Septiana , Rohman Hikmat

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To develop and evaluate a web-based virtual caring laboratory to enhance nursing students’ caring competence in managing patients experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress.

Methods

This research and development study applied the ADDIE model. A web-based virtual caring laboratory grounded in Swanson’s Caring Theory was developed and piloted among 30 undergraduate nursing students aged 18–22 years, consisting of 22 females (73.3%) and 8 males (26.7%). User needs were assessed using a needs-finding questionnaire. Feasibility was evaluated through expert validation in three domains: content, media/functionality, and language. Learning outcomes were evaluated using pretest and posttest caring competence questionnaires. Scenario performance scores and student response scores were also collected. Data were analyzed descriptively, and pretest–posttest differences were examined using a paired-sample t-test.

Results

More than 86% of students indicated a need for a realistic, interactive, scenario-based virtual laboratory, particularly for emotional response simulation and therapeutic communication. Expert validation showed high feasibility for content (90.0%–92.6%) and language (85.0%), while functional suitability achieved full completeness (60/60). Portability testing demonstrated stable performance across 12 configurations with all core features functioning. Usability evaluation showed a mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 77.33 (95% CI: 74.2–80.4), indicating good usability and user acceptance. Caring competence increased significantly from pretest to posttest, with mean scores rising from 72.53 (SD = 6.21) to 88.67 (SD = 5.94), t(29) = 11.42, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.08.

Conclusion

The web-based virtual caring laboratory demonstrated strong feasibility, cross-platform compatibility, and good usability. The platform also produced significant short-term improvements in nursing students’ caring competence, supporting its potential as a flexible simulation-based learning tool in nursing education.

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开发基于网络的虚拟护理实验室以提高护理学生的护理能力：一项ADDIE研究

目的建立基于网络的虚拟护理实验室，提高护生对抑郁、焦虑和压力患者的护理能力。方法本研究采用ADDIE模型。以Swanson的护理理论为基础，建立了基于网络的虚拟护理实验室，并在30名18-22岁的护理本科生中进行了试验，其中22名女性（73.3%），8名男性（26.7%）。使用需求调查问卷评估用户需求。可行性通过专家验证在三个领域进行评估：内容、媒体/功能和语言。学习结果采用前测和后测关怀能力问卷进行评估。还收集了情景表现得分和学生反应得分。对数据进行描述性分析，并使用配对样本t检验检验前测-后测差异。结果超过86%的学生表示需要一个真实的、互动的、基于场景的虚拟实验室，特别是用于情绪反应模拟和治疗性交流。专家验证结果显示，内容可行性（90.0% ~ 92.6%）和语言可行性（85.0%）较高，功能适用性达到完全完备性（60/60）。可移植性测试表明，在12种配置中性能稳定，所有核心功能都正常运行。可用性评估显示系统可用性量表（SUS）平均得分为77.33 (95% CI: 74.2-80.4)，表明可用性和用户接受度良好。关怀能力从测试前到测试后显著提高，平均得分从72.53 （SD = 6.21）上升到88.67 (SD = 5.94), t(29) = 11.42, p < 0.001, Cohen’SD = 2.08。结论基于web的虚拟护理实验室可行性强、跨平台兼容性强、可用性好。该平台还在短期内显著提高了护生的护理能力，支持其作为护理教育中灵活的基于模拟的学习工具的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences Nursing-Nursing (all)

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

114

审稿时长

21 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences (IJANS) is an international scientific journal published by Elsevier. The broad-based journal was founded on two key tenets, i.e. to publish the most exciting research with respect to the subjects of Nursing and Midwifery in Africa, and secondly, to advance the international understanding and development of nursing and midwifery in Africa, both as a profession and as an academic discipline. The fully refereed journal provides a forum for all aspects of nursing and midwifery sciences, especially new trends and advances. The journal call for original research papers, systematic and scholarly review articles, and critical papers which will stimulate debate on research, policy, theory or philosophy of nursing as related to nursing and midwifery in Africa, technical reports, and short communications, and which will meet the journal''s high academic and ethical standards. Manuscripts of nursing practice, education, management, and research are encouraged. The journal values critical scholarly debate on issues that have strategic significance for educators, practitioners, leaders and policy-makers of nursing and midwifery in Africa. The journal publishes the highest quality scholarly contributions reflecting the diversity of nursing, and is also inviting international scholars who are engaged with nursing and midwifery in Africa to contribute to the journal. We will only publish work that demonstrates the use of rigorous methodology as well as by publishing papers that highlight the theoretical underpinnings of nursing and midwifery as it relates to the Africa context.