Evaluation of Suicidal Behavior in Young Populations: Sociodemographic Factors Associated.

Abstract

Background: Suicide represents a serious public health issue and lacks a singular, universally accepted definition, which complicates its study and comprehensive prevention. Its prevention requires a multidimensional framework encompassing individual, social, and structural factors, as the interaction among these elements significantly increases risk. Moreover, its impact varies across sociodemographic contexts, highlighting the need for tailored strategies that address the specific realities of each population.

Aims: This study aimed to examine suicidal behavior among young people and analyze its prevalence in relation to gender, sexual orientation, country of origin, education, employment status, and family relationships.

Methods: The sample consisted of 539 young individuals aged 15 to 30 years (M = 20.64, SD = 3.61). Participants completed the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised to assess suicidal behavior and provided information on 11 independent variables grouped into sociodemographic, educational, occupational, personal, and familial domains. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted using MANOVA.

Results: Most participants exhibited a low risk of suicide; however, nearly 20% showed moderate to high risk levels. Higher vulnerability was observed among women, migrants, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, and questioning (LGBTIQ+) individuals. In addition, adverse family relationships and socioeconomic precarity were associated with increased susceptibility to suicidal behavior, as were personal, educational, occupational, and familial factors.

Conclusions: The findings enhance understanding of suicidal behavior among young people. The results underscore the urgent need for preventive strategies grounded in an intersectional perspective, integrating educational interventions, public welfare policies, and family support initiatives that address the structural inequalities affecting youth mental health.