Dual-layer tissue scaffolds with antibacterial and regenerative properties: Integration of melt electrowriting and electrospray technologies.

Abstract

Efficient wound healing requires the design of advanced biomaterials that combine structural integrity, antimicrobial functionality, and the ability to promote tissue regeneration. The paper discusses the development of dual-layer tissue scaffolds (DLS) using poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and amoxicillin (AMOX) nanoparticles at different concentrations (0.5% w/v and 1% w/v). The scaffolds were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical interactions, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for thermal stability, and tensile testing for mechanical properties. Swelling, degradation, drug release and drug release kinetic analyses were performed. Antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was performed along with cytocompatibility via MTT assays using fibroblast cells. SEM revealed microporous scaffolds with approximate pore diameters of ∼370 µm for 0.05 AMOX and ∼302 µm for 0.1 AMOX. Mechanical testing demonstrated that tensile strength and strain decrease with increasing drug loading. Antibacterial testing showed activity against S. aureus but limited efficacy against E. coli. MTT assays confirmed cytocompatibility of the scaffold, showing enhanced cell viability for the DLS-0.05 AMOX scaffold. Considering the obtained results, dual-layer tissue scaffolds with antibacterial properties present significant potential for a wide range of wound care applications.