Developing a Multidisciplinary Ketamine Sedation Program in Interventional Radiology: Implementation, Outcomes, and Lessons Learned

Abstract

As interventional radiology (IR) expands its procedural offerings, the need for timely and effective sedation has grown. For decades, light and moderate sedation with an opiate and a benzodiazepine has been the customary practice in IR programs. These regimens are often inadequate to provide adequate sedation and can cause respiratory adverse events. Reliance on anesthesia services for challenging cases can cause delays in care and workflow inefficiencies, particularly in institutions with limited anesthesiology resources. In response to these factors, our institution developed a nurse-supported ketamine sedation program tailored specifically for IR procedures, with a goal to provide deeper sedation more safely without requiring anesthesiology resources. The protocol-driven model emphasized patient safety, team coordination, and staff competency. Since implementation, the program has improved scheduling flexibility, reduced patient wait times, and enhanced the overall procedural experience without compromising safety. This article provides a practical blueprint for institutions seeking to establish ketamine sedation utilization within IR through a team-based approach empowering nursing staff while ensuring high standards of care.