HIV Stigma Among Health Care Providers in Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Discriminatory Behaviors.

Abstract

Abstract: HIV stigma remains a barrier to equitable health care, affecting patient well-being and service delivery. Our study examined HIV stigma among 260 health care providers in Türkiye, comparing HIV care providers with other professionals. Measures included HIV knowledge and training, fear of infection, observed stigma, stigmatizing attitudes, intention to discriminate, and facility policies. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses validated the Turkish stigma scale, and chi-square tests compared stigma indicators between the groups. Stigmatizing attitudes and fear of infection were prevalent across all participants. HIV care providers had higher knowledge and training but still exhibited discriminatory practices. Policies reinforcing stigma, such as testing without consent and differential treatment protocols, were commonly reported. Structural interventions, antidiscrimination policies, and targeted stigma-reduction training are needed to foster institutional change and ensure equitable care for people with HIV.