Body Dysmorphic Disorder Among Young Individuals: Prevalence and Psychological Correlates.

Abstract

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is an emerging mental health concern among young adults, particularly in urban settings where social media exposure intensifies appearance-related pressures. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of BDD among individuals aged 18-25 years in Vadodara and to examine its association with cognitive-behavioral patterns, psychiatric comorbidities, and social media influence. A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students using validated self-report questionnaires to assess BDD symptoms, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, depression, anxiety, stress, suicidal ideation, and patterns of digital media use. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. Approximately 10% of participants screened positive for BDD. Individuals with BDD demonstrated significantly higher levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress, suicidal ideation, and negative social media impact compared to those without BDD (p < 0.05). Strong positive correlations were observed between BDD severity and psychological distress, supporting a cognitive-behavioral framework of the disorder. Social media exposure appeared to reinforce distorted self-image and maladaptive behaviors, contributing to symptom severity. The findings highlight the importance of early identification of BDD in academic and primary care settings. Routine screening, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and media literacy interventions are recommended to address both core symptoms and associated psychological comorbidities. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to reduce unnecessary cosmetic procedures and improve mental health outcomes. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported measures. Future longitudinal and culturally sensitive studies using clinical interviews are warranted.