From policy to practice: Challenges and enablers of electric mobility in South Africa’s automotive industry

Abstract

This study examines the key challenges impeding South Africa’s transition to electric mobility and highlights potential enablers to support domestic electric vehicle production and sales. Guided by the technology-organisation-environment framework, the research used a mixed-methods approach, combining a literature review, content analysis of key documents, sectoral data analysis, and in-depth interviews with ten stakeholders across South African society. Findings indicate that, despite the 2023 release of the Electric Vehicle White Paper as a foundational policy framework, South Africa continues to lag in electric vehicle adoption. Major barriers include high purchase costs, an unreliable energy supply, insufficient charging infrastructure, and fiscal and trade-related constraints. Conversely, five enablers emerged as critical to accelerating adoption: (1) energy supply stabilisation, (2) targeted fiscal incentives, (3) charging infrastructure development, (4) cross-government coordination, and (5) clear, supportive policy frameworks. Collectively, these enablers are essential to advancing local electric vehicle manufacturing, enhancing affordability, and supporting a just and effective green transition. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to strengthen South Africa’s path toward sustainable mobility.