{"title":"The protective effect of linalool against carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular toxicity in rats.","authors":"Mohammadreza Khalkhali, Shiva Rahimi, Aliakbar Fazaeli, Ramin Salimnejad, Reza Alipanah-Moghadam, Masoud Ojarudi, Mohammad Mazani, Pouria Sobhi, Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2026.2641519","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infertility related to men is a major global issue. Due to the high costs and side effects of chemical drugs, interest has shifted towards medicinal bioactive compounds. Linalool, a terpenoid found in many plants, shows potential in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective effects of linalool against CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced testicular toxicity in rats.Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: normal control, linalool only, CCl<sub>4</sub> only, and linalool plus CCl<sub>4</sub> treatment. Linalool (25 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days, with CCl<sub>4</sub> given as a single dose on day 14. Forty-eight hours later, testes were collected to assess oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes.CCl<sub>4</sub> significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity, while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Linalool treatment significantly improved antioxidant markers (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and decreased MDA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to the CCl<sub>4</sub> group. Histological analysis showed that linalool ameliorated CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced structural damage in testicular tissue.These findings suggest linalool protects against testicular toxicity by preventing excessive free radical accumulation and subsequent oxidative damage, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for male infertility associated with oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"222-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Xenobiotica","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2026.2641519","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/3/9 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Infertility related to men is a major global issue. Due to the high costs and side effects of chemical drugs, interest has shifted towards medicinal bioactive compounds. Linalool, a terpenoid found in many plants, shows potential in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective effects of linalool against CCl4-induced testicular toxicity in rats.Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: normal control, linalool only, CCl4 only, and linalool plus CCl4 treatment. Linalool (25 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days, with CCl4 given as a single dose on day 14. Forty-eight hours later, testes were collected to assess oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes.CCl4 significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity, while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.001). Linalool treatment significantly improved antioxidant markers (p < 0.01) and decreased MDA levels (p < 0.001) compared to the CCl4 group. Histological analysis showed that linalool ameliorated CCl4-induced structural damage in testicular tissue.These findings suggest linalool protects against testicular toxicity by preventing excessive free radical accumulation and subsequent oxidative damage, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for male infertility associated with oxidative stress.
期刊介绍：
Xenobiotica covers seven main areas, including:General Xenobiochemistry, including in vitro studies concerned with the metabolism, disposition and excretion of drugs, and other xenobiotics, as well as the structure, function and regulation of associated enzymesClinical Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, covering the pharmacokinetics and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs and other xenobiotics in manAnimal Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, covering the pharmacokinetics, and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs and other xenobiotics in animalsPharmacogenetics, defined as the identification and functional characterisation of polymorphic genes that encode xenobiotic metabolising enzymes and transporters that may result in altered enzymatic, cellular and clinical responses to xenobioticsMolecular Toxicology, concerning the mechanisms of toxicity and the study of toxicology of xenobiotics at the molecular levelXenobiotic Transporters, concerned with all aspects of the carrier proteins involved in the movement of xenobiotics into and out of cells, and their impact on pharmacokinetic behaviour in animals and manTopics in Xenobiochemistry, in the form of reviews and commentaries are primarily intended to be a critical analysis of the issue, wherein the author offers opinions on the relevance of data or of a particular experimental approach or methodology
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