Weighted Centroid Localization in Cell-Free mMIMO: A Stochastic Geometry Perspective

IF 10.3 1区计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI:10.1109/TWC.2026.3668077

Enrico Testi;Andrea Giorgetti;Giuseppe Caire

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Abstract

This paper investigates the use of the weighted centroid localization (WCL) method for user localization in cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) networks. This low-complexity algorithm operates solely on received power measurements from pilot transmissions, requiring no prior channel information or estimation. It enables coarse localization, which is valuable for various network management tasks while incurring minimal cost and overhead. Using a stochastic geometry-based analytical framework, we derive approximations for the localization mean-square error, providing insights into the performance and limitations of WCL. We also present an exact expression for the localization error cumulative distribution function, along with alternative approximations based on moment matching. The predictive capability of the proposed analytical framework is validated through extensive simulations that incorporate key practical impairments, such as multipath propagation, spatially correlated shadowing, and pilot contamination, that are analytically intractable. These results confirm the practical utility of our analysis in supporting the design of CF-mMIMO networks to meet specific localization performance targets.

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基于随机几何视角的无单元mimo加权质心定位

研究了加权质心定位（WCL）方法在无小区大规模MIMO （CF-mMIMO）网络中用户定位的应用。这种低复杂度的算法仅对导频传输的接收功率测量进行操作，不需要事先的信道信息或估计。它支持粗定位，这对于各种网络管理任务很有价值，同时产生最小的成本和开销。使用基于随机几何的分析框架，我们推导了定位均方误差的近似值，从而深入了解了WCL的性能和局限性。我们还提出了定位误差累积分布函数的精确表达式，以及基于矩匹配的替代近似。所提出的分析框架的预测能力通过大量的模拟得到验证，这些模拟包含了关键的实际缺陷，如多径传播、空间相关阴影和导频污染，这些都是分析上难以处理的。这些结果证实了我们的分析在支持CF-mMIMO网络设计以满足特定定位性能目标方面的实际效用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

10.60%

发文量

708

审稿时长

5.6 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications is a prestigious publication that showcases cutting-edge advancements in wireless communications. It welcomes both theoretical and practical contributions in various areas. The scope of the Transactions encompasses a wide range of topics, including modulation and coding, detection and estimation, propagation and channel characterization, and diversity techniques. The journal also emphasizes the physical and link layer communication aspects of network architectures and protocols. The journal is open to papers on specific topics or non-traditional topics related to specific application areas. This includes simulation tools and methodologies, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, MIMO systems, and wireless over optical technologies. Overall, the IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications serves as a platform for high-quality manuscripts that push the boundaries of wireless communications and contribute to advancements in the field.