C3 Glomerulopathy Diagnosis, Current Treatments, and Emerging Therapies

Abstract

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is characterized by prominent deposition of complement component C3 in the kidney glomeruli, leading to glomerular inflammation. C3G is a rare and complex pattern of injury caused by dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement system and occurs in both children and adults. It can happen because of genetic and acquired factors. Kidney biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing C3G. About 50% of cases progress to kidney failure, and traditional treatment strategies, including immunosuppression and supportive care, have demonstrated variable efficacy. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic criteria of C3G. Additionally, we will discuss current treatment guidelines and ongoing clinical trials.