Serum endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 levels in healthy controls and circadian hypertension phenotypes: A comparison of dipper and non-dipper patients.

IF 3.5 4区医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension Pub Date : 2026-12-31 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI:10.1080/10641963.2026.2637683

Burçin Küçüksevgili, Mehmet Tolga Dogru, Hüseyin Kandemir, Caglar Alp, Veli Küçüksevgili

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-2 (ET-2) levels in patients with dipper and non-dipper hypertension compared to normotensive controls and to investigate the potential diagnostic value of these biomarkers in distinguishing circadian blood pressure phenotypes.

Methods: This prospective case-control study included 163 participants classified into three groups based on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM): normotensive controls (n = 60), dipper hypertensive (n = 61), and non-dipper hypertensive (n = 42) patients. Dipper status was defined as a 10% nocturnal reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Individuals with diabetes, established cardiovascular disease, or secondary hypertension were excluded. Serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) ET-1 and endothelin-2 (ET-2) ET-2 levels were analyzed using double-antibody sandwich ELISA kits.

Results: ET-1 levels were significantly lower in dipper hypertensive patients (p < 0.001) compared to other groups. Conversely, ET-2 levels did not significantly differ between hypertensive phenotypes. ET-1 proved to be a strong diagnostic marker for distinguishing non-dipper hypertension (AUC = 0.830, sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 75.4%). While advanced age independently predicted the non-dipper pattern (OR = 1.101, p = 0.002), BMI and D-dimer were associated with the dipper phenotype.

Conclusion: This study identifies serum endothelin-1 is a strong, independent marker of the non-dipper hypertensive phenotype, which is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The preservation of low endothelin-1 levels in dipper hypertension patients reflects intact endothelial and circadian regulation, whereas the absence of this response in non-dipper patients indicates impaired vascular adaptation. The inverse association of endothelin-2 with non-dipper status further suggests a protective buffering role that may be attenuated by increasing metabolic burden.

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健康对照者血清内皮素-1和内皮素-2水平与昼夜高血压表型：用勺子和不用勺子患者的比较

目的：本研究的目的是评估斗和非斗高血压患者与正常对照组的血清内皮素-1 （ET-1）和内皮素-2 （ET-2）水平，并探讨这些生物标志物在区分昼夜血压表型中的潜在诊断价值。方法：这项前瞻性病例对照研究包括163名参与者，根据24小时动态血压监测（ABPM）分为三组：正常血压对照组（n = 60），北侧高血压（n = 61）和非北侧高血压（n = 42）患者。斗血状态定义为夜间收缩压和舒张压均降低10%。排除患有糖尿病、心血管疾病或继发性高血压的个体。采用双抗体夹心ELISA试剂盒检测血清内皮素-1 (ET-1) ET-1和内皮素-2 (ET-2) ET-2水平。结果：糖尿病患者ET-1水平明显降低（p p = 0.002）， BMI和d -二聚体与糖尿病表型相关。结论：本研究确定血清内皮素-1是非北侧高血压表型的一个强大的、独立的标志物，它与心血管风险增加有关。低水平的内皮素-1水平在北斗高血压患者中保存反映了完整的内皮和昼夜节律调节，而在非北斗患者中缺乏这种反应表明血管适应性受损。内皮素-2与非倾斗状态的负相关进一步表明，其保护性缓冲作用可能随着代谢负担的增加而减弱。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 医学-外周血管病

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

0.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Hypertension is a reputable journal that has converted to a full Open Access format starting from Volume 45 in 2023. While previous volumes are still accessible through a Pay to Read model, the journal now provides free and open access to its content. It serves as an international platform for the exchange of up-to-date scientific and clinical information concerning both human and animal hypertension. The journal publishes a wide range of articles, including full research papers, solicited and unsolicited reviews, and commentaries. Through these publications, the journal aims to enhance current understanding and support the timely detection, management, control, and prevention of hypertension-related conditions. One notable aspect of Clinical and Experimental Hypertension is its coverage of special issues that focus on the proceedings of symposia dedicated to hypertension research. This feature allows researchers and clinicians to delve deeper into the latest advancements in this field. The journal is abstracted and indexed in several renowned databases, including Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes News (Online), Reactions Weekly (Online), CABI, EBSCOhost, Elsevier BV, International Atomic Energy Agency, and the National Library of Medicine, among others. These affiliations ensure that the journal's content receives broad visibility and facilitates its discoverability by professionals and researchers in related disciplines.