Quantum gate encryption and quantum signature scheme based on public identity information

Abstract

Conventional digital signature and authentication systems lack security and are unable to identify possible risks from quantum computing or eavesdropping. Therefore, the scheme is designed and innovative in that, first, a quantum man-in-the-middle attack (QMITM) threat model is constructed, which analyzes and improves the security threats that may be triggered by quantum attackers in order to ensure the reliability of signatures during authentication and transmission. Secondly, in the phase of quantum identity authentication, an encryption method based on quantum gate transformation is proposed and implemented. The algorithm is used in the quantum identity authentication process. In addition, in order to provide security and resist quantum attacks in the signature phase, quantum signature technology based on unitary operation is adopted. Finally, in the security analysis, its security based on quantum key distribution protocol (QKDP) is supported by formal proof, which meets the requirements of unfalsifiability, non-repudiation and better qubit efficiency.