{"title":"Opacity complexity of automatic sequences: the general case","authors":"Jean-Paul Allouche, Jia-Yan Yao","doi":"10.1007/s00236-026-00521-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work we introduce a new notion called opacity complexity to measure the complexity of automatic sequences. We study basic properties of this notion, and exhibit an algorithm to compute it. As applications, we compute the opacity complexity of some well-known automatic sequences, including in particular constant sequences, purely periodic sequences, the Thue-Morse sequence, the period-doubling sequence, the Golay-Shapiro(-Rudin) sequence, the paperfolding sequence, the Baum-Sweet sequence, the Tower of Hanoi sequence, and so on.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7189,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Informatica","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00236-026-00521-6","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this work we introduce a new notion called opacity complexity to measure the complexity of automatic sequences. We study basic properties of this notion, and exhibit an algorithm to compute it. As applications, we compute the opacity complexity of some well-known automatic sequences, including in particular constant sequences, purely periodic sequences, the Thue-Morse sequence, the period-doubling sequence, the Golay-Shapiro(-Rudin) sequence, the paperfolding sequence, the Baum-Sweet sequence, the Tower of Hanoi sequence, and so on.
在这项工作中,我们引入了一个新的概念,称为不透明度复杂度来衡量自动序列的复杂性。我们研究了这个概念的基本性质,并展示了一个计算它的算法。作为应用,我们计算了一些著名的自动序列的不透明度复杂度,特别是常数序列、纯周期序列、Thue-Morse序列、倍周期序列、Golay-Shapiro(-Rudin)序列、折纸序列、Baum-Sweet序列、Tower of Hanoi序列等。
期刊介绍:
Acta Informatica provides international dissemination of articles on formal methods for the design and analysis of programs, computing systems and information structures, as well as related fields of Theoretical Computer Science such as Automata Theory, Logic in Computer Science, and Algorithmics.
Topics of interest include:
• semantics of programming languages
• models and modeling languages for concurrent, distributed, reactive and mobile systems
• models and modeling languages for timed, hybrid and probabilistic systems
• specification, program analysis and verification
• model checking and theorem proving
• modal, temporal, first- and higher-order logics, and their variants
• constraint logic, SAT/SMT-solving techniques
• theoretical aspects of databases, semi-structured data and finite model theory
• theoretical aspects of artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, description logic
• automata theory, formal languages, term and graph rewriting
• game-based models, synthesis
• type theory, typed calculi
• algebraic, coalgebraic and categorical methods
• formal aspects of performance, dependability and reliability analysis
• foundations of information and network security
• parallel, distributed and randomized algorithms
• design and analysis of algorithms
• foundations of network and communication protocols.