A novel pretreatment method for fluorinated alternatives in soil and sediment using accelerated solvent extraction

NPJ emerging contaminants Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1038/s44454-025-00013-1

Rui Wang, Yixiang Wang, Shitao Hu, Xinliang Ding, Haoyu Zhang, Zongqi Hu, Jinsong Liu, Quan Zhang

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Abstract

Due to the widespread industrial use and presumed lower toxicity, fluorinated alternatives are increasingly detected in soils and sediments. Nevertheless, their detection remains challenging due to structural diversity, wide variations in physical and chemical properties, and significantly complex matrix effects. A sensitive and cost-effective approach for quantifying fluorinated alternatives in soil and sediment were developed using accelerated solvent extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This method showed high sensitivity (LOD/LOQ: 0.14–0.80 ng/g) with satisfactory accuracy (recoveries of 85.4–95.5%) and precision (RSD < 10%), demonstrating strong reliability for environmental analysis. Notably, the optimized pre-treatment approach cost only 23 min per sample reducing processing time by at least two hours compared with the oscillatory or ultrasonic extraction method. Both 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFAES) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) were detected in 37 soil and 23 sediment samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.24 to 749 ng/g.

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土壤和沉积物中氟替代品的加速溶剂萃取预处理新方法

由于广泛的工业用途和假定毒性较低，在土壤和沉积物中越来越多地检测到氟化替代品。然而，由于结构多样性、物理和化学性质的广泛变化以及非常复杂的基质效应，它们的检测仍然具有挑战性。采用加速溶剂萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法，开发了一种灵敏、经济高效的土壤和沉积物中氟替代品定量方法。该方法灵敏度高（LOD/LOQ为0.14 ~ 0.80 ng/g），准确度高（回收率为85.4 ~ 95.5%），精密度（RSD < 10%），对环境分析具有较强的可靠性。值得注意的是，与振荡或超声提取方法相比，优化的预处理方法每个样品的成本仅为23分钟，处理时间至少减少了两个小时。在37个土壤和23个沉积物样品中检测到6:2氯化多氟烷基醚磺酸（6:2 Cl-PFAES）和6:2氟端粒磺酸（6:2 FTS），浓度范围为0.24至749 ng/g。

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