Fucoidan and Hyaluronic Acid Modified ZE21B Magnesium Alloy for Better Hemocompatibility and Vascular Cell Response

Abstract

Magnesium alloy stents exhibit significant potential in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases due to their remarkable mechanical support and biodegradability. However, bare magnesium alloy stents often degrade too quickly and exhibit inadequate biocompatibility, which severely restricts their clinical applicability. Herein, a composite coating consisting of an MgF2 conversion layer, a polydopamine (PDA) layer, fucoidan, and hyaluronic acid was prepared to enhance the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of ZE21B alloy for a vascular stent application. The modified ZE21B alloy exhibited relatively high surface roughness, moderate wettability, and better corrosion resistance. Moreover, the modified ZE21B alloy with a low hemolysis rate and fibrinogen adsorption level confirmed improved hemocompatibility for medical requirements. Furthermore, the ZE21B alloy modified with fucoidan and hyaluronic acid enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and NO release of endothelial cells (ECs). Simultaneously, it inhibits the adhesion and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), promoting a competitive advantage for ECs over SMCs due to the synergistic effects of fucoidan and hyaluronic acid. The incorporation of fucoidan and hyaluronic acid markedly improved the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the ZE21B magnesium alloy. This development presents a straightforward and effective strategy for the advancement of biodegradable vascular stents.