Management of the environment and patient care using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A scoping review

Abstract

Introduction

The use of strategies planned for the environment and care of adult patients undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation allows for better assistance from the multidisciplinary team to this individual in the Intensive Care Unit

Objective

The objective is to map strategies for planning the environment and care of adult patients in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in intensive care.

Methodology

This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and adheres to the extension PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Eligible studies included those that answered the guiding question: "what are the strategies for planning the environment and care of adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in intensive care?", no time or language restriction. The search and selection were carried out by two double-blind researchers between February and April 2024, using Rayyan software for data extraction and analysis. The collection took place in ten databases, with selection of articles and gray literature.

Results

Six thousand nine hundred ninety-six sources of evidence were identified, of which 39 composed the final sample. The strategies cited by the publications were: management of the environment (family preparation; team preparation; ethical issues; human and material resources); and care management (monitoring; systematization of nursing care; nutritional management; early mobilization).

Conclusions

The complexity of ECMO management was highlighted, reinforcing the need for adequate infrastructure, a multidisciplinary team and more robust studies, especially in underdeveloped countries, to improve practical application and clinical outcomes.