{"title":"Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma.","authors":"Zhao Jingliang, Qin Xiaoqi","doi":"10.1111/ejh.70145","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extramedullary disease (EMD) of multiple myeloma (MM) is a critical indicator of disease progression, with a complex pathophysiology involving tumor microenvironment dysregulation, chromosomal abnormalities, and aberrant signaling pathway activation. Advances in detection technologies have significantly improved EMD diagnosis rates in recent years, but clinical treatment still faces challenges such as high drug resistance rates and difficulties in managing lesions at specific sites. This article systematically reviews the definition, classification, biological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods, current treatment strategies, and emerging therapeutic challenges of EMD. It emphasizes the interactions between different pathogenic factors and the heterogeneous therapeutic responses of various EMD subtypes, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for clinical practice and research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11955,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":"733-743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Haematology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.70145","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/2/24 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Extramedullary disease (EMD) of multiple myeloma (MM) is a critical indicator of disease progression, with a complex pathophysiology involving tumor microenvironment dysregulation, chromosomal abnormalities, and aberrant signaling pathway activation. Advances in detection technologies have significantly improved EMD diagnosis rates in recent years, but clinical treatment still faces challenges such as high drug resistance rates and difficulties in managing lesions at specific sites. This article systematically reviews the definition, classification, biological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods, current treatment strategies, and emerging therapeutic challenges of EMD. It emphasizes the interactions between different pathogenic factors and the heterogeneous therapeutic responses of various EMD subtypes, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for clinical practice and research directions.
期刊介绍：
European Journal of Haematology is an international journal for communication of basic and clinical research in haematology. The journal welcomes manuscripts on molecular, cellular and clinical research on diseases of the blood, vascular and lymphatic tissue, and on basic molecular and cellular research related to normal development and function of the blood, vascular and lymphatic tissue. The journal also welcomes reviews on clinical haematology and basic research, case reports, and clinical pictures.
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