Intelligent Dispatch-Based Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Architectures Incorporating Electric Mobility and Hydrogen Storage for Commercial Energy Systems

Abstract

This study proposes a high-fidelity hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) designed and optimized for AEON Mall Okinawa Rycom, targeting the challenges posed by dynamic energy demand and strict reliability requirements in large commercial facilities. The proposed system integrates PV generation, wind turbines (WT), battery energy storage systems (BESS), hydrogen energy storage systems (HESS), and electric vehicles (EVs) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability. A real-time energy management framework is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), enabling deterministic control with microsecond-level response and parallel coordination of multiple energy resources. The IbI Logics Algorithm (ILA) is embedded in the FPGA to perform multi-objective energy scheduling, storage dispatch, and operating cost minimization under dynamic load and environmental conditions. Four system configurations are evaluated based on technical, economic, and environmental performance metrics. The PV–WT–BESS–HESS configuration demonstrates the most balanced overall performance, with a total annualized cost (TAC) of 3,121,900 USD. The PV–WT–BESS configuration achieves the lowest TAC of 1,422,600 USD, corresponding to a 54.4% reduction relative to the most expensive configuration, which combines EV-based storage and hydrogen systems with a TAC of 4,837,600 USD. The PV–WT–HESS configuration yields a TAC of 4,493,100 USD, representing an 8.2% reduction compared to the EV-based case. Overall, the results indicate that FPGA-based fast-response energy management enhances the robustness, scalability, and economic viability of high-fidelity HRES for modern commercial infrastructure.