G. S. Indakov, P. A. Kaznacheev, Z.-Yu. Ya. Maibuk, N. B. Podymova, D. V. Krayushkin
{"title":"Tracking Fracture Development by Clustering Pulses of Thermally Stimulated Acoustic Emission in the Absence of Location","authors":"G. S. Indakov, P. A. Kaznacheev, Z.-Yu. Ya. Maibuk, N. B. Podymova, D. V. Krayushkin","doi":"10.1134/S1069351325700831","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Clustering of acoustic emission pulses was studied on a mechanically preloaded sandstone sample subjected to high-temperature heating. Mechanical loading was performed uniaxially to a load close to failure, with the appearance of surface signs of large cracks. The sample was then heated to 650°C with recording pulses of thermally stimulated acoustic emission (TSAE). Pulses were clustered based on their similarity established by waveform cross-correlation. Three clusters were identified, each containing approximately ten TSAE pulses and potentially corresponding to a specific source, presumably an individual large crack. The distribution of cluster pulses over time and in amplitude during heating is different for each cluster. This may indicate both different activation time and activation threshold of a corresponding crack as well as different rate of crack growth. Separately, a control thermal stimulation experiment was conducted on a sandstone sample without mechanical preloading. No clusters of TSAE pulses were identified for this sample. Additionally, the parameters of TSAE pulses of the identified clusters were analyzed. It is found that the clusters do not form compact, isolated groups in the parameter space, but are distributed against the background of other pulses. The check of the pulses by their parameters based on the physically substantiated criteria has shown that two of the three clusters included several pulses that were inconsistent with the physical features of the experiment. The hierarchical clustering of all TSAE pulses in the parameter space did not reveal groups that have any similarity with the original clusters. The stability of initial cluster identification in the parameter space was tested using decision tree ensemble classification. The third cluster was recognized with the simplest training criteria. The dynamics of pulses of this cluster is most similar to the growth dynamics of a crack activated at a specific heating temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"61 6","pages":"1092 - 1107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1069351325700831","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract—Clustering of acoustic emission pulses was studied on a mechanically preloaded sandstone sample subjected to high-temperature heating. Mechanical loading was performed uniaxially to a load close to failure, with the appearance of surface signs of large cracks. The sample was then heated to 650°C with recording pulses of thermally stimulated acoustic emission (TSAE). Pulses were clustered based on their similarity established by waveform cross-correlation. Three clusters were identified, each containing approximately ten TSAE pulses and potentially corresponding to a specific source, presumably an individual large crack. The distribution of cluster pulses over time and in amplitude during heating is different for each cluster. This may indicate both different activation time and activation threshold of a corresponding crack as well as different rate of crack growth. Separately, a control thermal stimulation experiment was conducted on a sandstone sample without mechanical preloading. No clusters of TSAE pulses were identified for this sample. Additionally, the parameters of TSAE pulses of the identified clusters were analyzed. It is found that the clusters do not form compact, isolated groups in the parameter space, but are distributed against the background of other pulses. The check of the pulses by their parameters based on the physically substantiated criteria has shown that two of the three clusters included several pulses that were inconsistent with the physical features of the experiment. The hierarchical clustering of all TSAE pulses in the parameter space did not reveal groups that have any similarity with the original clusters. The stability of initial cluster identification in the parameter space was tested using decision tree ensemble classification. The third cluster was recognized with the simplest training criteria. The dynamics of pulses of this cluster is most similar to the growth dynamics of a crack activated at a specific heating temperature.
期刊介绍：
Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes results of original theoretical and experimental research in relevant areas of the physics of the Earth''s interior and applied geophysics. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
