Plasmon-induced transparency multifunctional design based on black phosphorus and graphene metamaterials

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY

Physica E-low-dimensional Systems & Nanostructures Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI:10.1016/j.physe.2025.116455

Shengyu Qu , Yuxin Fan , Shuai Cui , Sheng Fu , Yang Gao

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Abstract

This paper presents a theoretical design of a high-sensitivity sensor utilizing plasmonic excitation in a metamaterial structure composed of black phosphorus (BP) and graphene. This structure achieves a high refractive index sensitivity of 4.33 THz/RIU while maintaining excellent linearity, with an R² value of 0.996. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations demonstrate dual-peak high absorption of 99.72 % and 99.35 % under TE polarization, consistent with Lorentz coupling models. Due to the inherent anisotropy of BP, the TM polarization absorption is significantly lower at 2.33 %. This pronounced polarization dependence enables applications in optical switching, achieving a modulation depth (MD) as high as 97.64 % and an insertion loss (IL) of only 0.01 dB. Furthermore, the structure exhibits a group delay of 2.26 ps. Its performance shows minimal variations with incident angle and exhibits robustness against temperature fluctuations. This study provides valuable design insights for developing novel multifunctional optoelectronic devices.

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基于黑磷和石墨烯超材料的等离子体诱导透明多功能设计

本文提出了一种在由黑磷（BP）和石墨烯组成的超材料结构中利用等离子体激发的高灵敏度传感器的理论设计。该结构具有4.33 THz/RIU的高折射率灵敏度，同时保持良好的线性度，R2值为0.996。时域有限差分（FDTD）模拟表明，TE极化下的双峰高吸光率分别为99.72%和99.35%，与Lorentz耦合模型一致。由于BP固有的各向异性，TM偏振吸收明显低于2.33%。这种明显的偏振依赖性使光开关应用成为可能，实现高达97.64%的调制深度（MD）和仅0.01 dB的插入损耗（IL）。此外，该结构的群延迟为2.26 ps。其性能随入射角的变化最小，并且对温度波动具有鲁棒性。该研究为开发新型多功能光电器件提供了有价值的设计见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Physica E-low-dimensional Systems & Nanostructures 物理-纳米科技

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

6.10%

发文量

356

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Physica E: Low-dimensional systems and nanostructures contains papers and invited review articles on the fundamental and applied aspects of physics in low-dimensional electron systems, in semiconductor heterostructures, oxide interfaces, quantum wells and superlattices, quantum wires and dots, novel quantum states of matter such as topological insulators, and Weyl semimetals. Both theoretical and experimental contributions are invited. Topics suitable for publication in this journal include spin related phenomena, optical and transport properties, many-body effects, integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, quantum spin Hall effect, single electron effects and devices, Majorana fermions, and other novel phenomena. Keywords: • topological insulators/superconductors, majorana fermions, Wyel semimetals; • quantum and neuromorphic computing/quantum information physics and devices based on low dimensional systems; • layered superconductivity, low dimensional systems with superconducting proximity effect; • 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides; • oxide heterostructures including ZnO, SrTiO3 etc; • carbon nanostructures (graphene, carbon nanotubes, diamond NV center, etc.) • quantum wells and superlattices; • quantum Hall effect, quantum spin Hall effect, quantum anomalous Hall effect; • optical- and phonons-related phenomena; • magnetic-semiconductor structures; • charge/spin-, magnon-, skyrmion-, Cooper pair- and majorana fermion- transport and tunneling; • ultra-fast nonlinear optical phenomena; • novel devices and applications (such as high performance sensor, solar cell, etc); • novel growth and fabrication techniques for nanostructures