Barrier gel formulations and coated gloves to reduce skin permeation of nicotine and protect against green tobacco sickness

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI:10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106192

Abhay U. Andar , Youcheng Liu , Dana C. Hammell , David A. Sterling , Tom Klingner , Mark Tokarski , Mark Boeniger , Audra Stinchcomb

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Tobacco harvesting workers may have high levels of skin exposure to nicotine that can lead to green tobacco sickness. Current exposure reduction methods are often infeasible. The purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of topical barrier gel formulations as a personal protective equipment to reduce nicotine permeation through skin. Four formulations of a barrier gel developed and applied on Yucatan miniature pig skin were tested using a PermeGear flow through in vitro diffusion apparatus. Donor solutions of either L-nicotine or green tobacco leaf extract with and without the use of barrier gel formulations were analyzed over a 24 h exposure period. High pressure liquid chromatography was used to quantify the nicotine content in the receiver compartment. Gloves coated with a barrier gel formulation were also tested. The best barrier gel formulations reduced in vitro skin permeation of nicotine by 97.6 % from L-nicotine, by 64.0 % from green tobacco leaf extract, and by 86.6 % from green tobacco leaf extract for gardening gloves coated with the barrier gel. The barrier gel is effective in reducing skin permeation of nicotine in vitro and might have greater preventive capabilities at environmental exposure levels of nicotine during tobacco harvesting.

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屏障胶配方和涂层手套，以减少皮肤对尼古丁的渗透，防止绿色烟草病。

烟草采收工人的皮肤可能高度暴露于尼古丁，从而导致绿烟病。目前减少暴露的方法往往是不可行的。这项工作的目的是开发和评估局部屏障凝胶制剂作为个人防护设备的有效性，以减少尼古丁通过皮肤的渗透。开发并应用于尤卡坦微型猪皮肤的四种屏障凝胶配方，使用pergear体外扩散装置进行了测试。在24 h的暴露时间内，对l -尼古丁或绿色烟草叶提取物的供体溶液进行了分析，其中有或没有使用屏障凝胶配方。采用高压液相色谱法定量烟碱含量。涂有屏障凝胶配方的手套也进行了测试。在涂有屏障凝胶的园艺手套中，最佳屏障凝胶配方可使l -尼古丁的体外皮肤渗透率降低97.6% %，使绿烟叶提取物的体外皮肤渗透率降低64.0 %，使绿烟叶提取物的体外皮肤渗透率降低86.6% %。屏障凝胶在体外有效地减少尼古丁的皮肤渗透，并且在烟草收获期间的尼古丁环境暴露水平下可能具有更大的预防能力。

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来源期刊

Toxicology in Vitro 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

3.10%

发文量

181

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Toxicology in Vitro publishes original research papers and reviews on the application and use of in vitro systems for assessing or predicting the toxic effects of chemicals and elucidating their mechanisms of action. These in vitro techniques include utilizing cell or tissue cultures, isolated cells, tissue slices, subcellular fractions, transgenic cell cultures, and cells from transgenic organisms, as well as in silico modelling. The Journal will focus on investigations that involve the development and validation of new in vitro methods, e.g. for prediction of toxic effects based on traditional and in silico modelling; on the use of methods in high-throughput toxicology and pharmacology; elucidation of mechanisms of toxic action; the application of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics in toxicology, as well as on comparative studies that characterise the relationship between in vitro and in vivo findings. The Journal strongly encourages the submission of manuscripts that focus on the development of in vitro methods, their practical applications and regulatory use (e.g. in the areas of food components cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals). Toxicology in Vitro discourages papers that record reporting on toxicological effects from materials, such as plant extracts or herbal medicines, that have not been chemically characterized.