Reverse Flow during Propagation of Half a Plane Wave

Abstract

We explore the diffraction of a plane wave by an opaque rectangular screen and show that at any on-axis distance from the obstacle plane, a multitude of diffraction fringes occur in a screen-parallel plane, characterized by a (negative) canonical backflow. Remarkably, the localized fringe recurrence interval is found to decrease with larger distance from the screen edge, with the first fringe of the canonical energy backflow departing from the edge with increasing distance from the optical axis. The energy backflow is shown to occur in the diffraction pattern areas characterized by subwavelength values of phase and amplitude modulation, i.e. where the local wave-vector expressed through the phase gradient is larger than the incident wave wave-vector.