The impact of blockchain on the banking sector: A systematic review of applications, challenges, and future directions

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Asia and the Global Economy Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-21 DOI:10.1016/j.aglobe.2025.100133

Youssef Said , Al mahdi Khaddar , Lahcen Hassine , Ahmed Eddaoui , Tarik Chafiq

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Abstract

This systematic review evaluates blockchain adoption in the banking and financial sector through 38 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2024. Following PRISMA 2020 and Kitchenham’s methodological standards, it provides a transparent synthesis of how blockchain is reshaping payments, settlements, trade finance, KYC/AML processes, data governance, and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Evidence shows consistent gains in transaction speed, reconciliation accuracy, and auditability, confirming blockchain’s transition from a disruptive concept to an emerging institutional infrastructure. However, significant challenges persist, including scalability limits, interoperability gaps, regulatory misalignment, and privacy-accountability tensions. The review highlights a shift from pilot experiments toward early industrial integration supported by consortium-based governance and hybrid architectures. It concludes with strategic implications for banks and regulators, emphasizing collaboration, flexible regulatory frameworks, standardized interoperability protocols, and the development of transparent and explainable RegTech solutions.

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b区块链对银行业的影响：对应用、挑战和未来方向的系统回顾

本系统综述通过2020年至2024年间发表的38项同行评议研究，评估了区块链在银行和金融部门的采用情况。根据PRISMA 2020和Kitchenham的方法标准，它提供了区块链如何重塑支付、结算、贸易融资、KYC/AML流程、数据治理和中央银行数字货币（cbdc）的透明综合。有证据表明，在交易速度、对账准确性和可审计性方面，区块链取得了持续的进步，这证实了区块链从一个颠覆性的概念向新兴的机构基础设施的转变。然而，重大的挑战仍然存在，包括可伸缩性限制、互操作性差距、监管不一致和隐私责任紧张。该综述强调了从试点实验向基于联盟的治理和混合架构支持的早期工业集成的转变。报告总结了对银行和监管机构的战略意义，强调了协作、灵活的监管框架、标准化的互操作性协议，以及开发透明和可解释的监管科技解决方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Asia and the Global Economy

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