Integrated Geophysical Survey (GPR, ERT and Magnetometry) at the Kalehisar Archaeological Site in Central Anatolia

Abstract

Kalehisar Archaeological Site, located near Mahmudiye Village in the Alaca district of Çorum, provides important insight into the Anatolian Seljuk period and 13th–14th century settlements in Central Anatolia. The main objective of this study is to determine the location and depth of possible buried archaeological remains within the archaeological site. This approach not only guides future excavations but also contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of settlement patterns and architectural practices during the Seljuk period. To achieve this, a comprehensive geophysical survey was conducted, employing magnetometry, electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar methods. Spectral analysis was used to interpret magnetic anomalies and identify potential buried features. Ground penetrating radar measurements provided high-resolution subsurface imaging, allowing for the detection of fine-scale stratigraphic variations and potential shallow buried remains. Electrical resistivity tomography helped identifying subsurface structures with contrasting resistivity down to 10-m depth. Integrated geophysical results revealed wall continuations extending from the excavation area, alongside other buried features such as ceramic/pottery kilns and a possible mosque in a few depths from the surface. These findings are consistent with Seljuk-era settlements and can aid future excavations by optimizing resources and preserving archaeological integrity.