Congenital muscular torticollis: Diagnosis, management, and prognosis in the pediatric population

Abstract

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) typically is due to unilateral shortening of fibrosis of sternocleidomastoid muscle. Timely diagnosis and management are essential for improving outcomes in children. Within CMT, there are several classifications with variable prognosis: postural, muscular, and sternomastoid tumor group. The diagnosis of CMT involves comprehensive physical assessment. Treatment of CMT typically involves conservative treatment that includes physical therapy, but can involve pharmacologic treatment with botulinum toxin injections, and at worst case, surgical treatment. Caregiver education is the key to successful treatment.