Experimental investigation of the influence of growth medium on biomass composition and fatty acids profiles of Chlorella vulgaris micro-algae in sustainable biofuel production

IF 12.2

Green Technologies and Sustainability Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.grets.2025.100304

Folayan Adewale Johnson, Bilal Patel, Januario Hossi

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Abstract

Chlorella micro algae strains offer sustainable biomass feedstocks in biofuel production because of their resilience, diversity, high adaptability to environmental stresses, flexible cultivation alternatives and high biomass and total lipids production tendencies among others. In this study, the influence of growth medium on the biomass composition and fatty acids profiles of SAG 211-11b Chlorella vulgaris micro-algae strain in sustainable biofuel production was investigated by advanced experimental and analytical techniques. The micro-algae strain was cultured in the laboratory with modified-blue–green algae nutrients. The extraction was done in a Spe-edTM supercritical fluid extraction equipment by Applied Separations Inc (USA). The micro-algae biomass and its triglycerides were analysed by a Schimadzu Nexera 40D Series ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system that was equipped with a photo-diode array detector (PDA) and a triple quadrupole, Iso-butane gas-source chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CI-MS/MS). Also, the influence of light intensity and glucose concentration on biomass productivity of C.vulgaris micro-algae strain as well as the quantification of the degree of these effects by ANOVA was investigated. Heterotrophic micro-algae have a biomass productivity of 7.11 ± 0.36 mgL ⁻¹day ⁻¹. Their fatty acids composition is predominantly mono-unsaturated (59.96%), with oleic acid (C18:1) contributing 46.87% and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) accounting for 9.14%. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids make up only 9.59%. Whereas the photoautotrophic micro-algae culture has a biomass productivity value of 2.8 ± 0.15 mgL ⁻¹day ⁻¹ and higher total poly-unsaturated fatty acids (41.82%) with linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids constituting 28.42% and 13.40% respectively. The practical implication of the different fatty acids moieties on biofuel production is that the Chlorella vulgaris micro-algae that was cultivated from the photoautotrophic route have lower lipids contents (22.18 ± 1.25mg/L) but better cold flow characteristics. Whereas, the heterotrophic micro-algae have higher total lipids contents (53.20 ± 2.75mg/L) and better biofuel qualities owing to lower quantities of poly-unsaturated fatty acids components. There is a strong positive relationship up to saturation point among light intensity, glucose concentration and biomass productivity. Finally, the heterotrophic micro-algae bio-fuel has higher cetane index value of 56.16 ± 2.75 and calorific value of 39.82 ± 2.17 MJ/Kg compared to the photoautotrophic micro-algae biofuel with lower values of 49.20 ± 2.30 and 39.33 ± 2.13 MJ/Kg. This represents better ignition quality and lower fuel consumption characteristics of the heterotrophic biofuel.

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可持续生物燃料生产中培养基对普通小球藻生物量组成和脂肪酸分布影响的实验研究

小球藻微藻因其弹性、多样性、对环境胁迫的高适应性、灵活的栽培选择以及高生物量和总脂质的生产倾向等特点，为生物燃料生产提供了可持续的生物质原料。本研究采用先进的实验和分析技术，研究了生长培养基对可持续生物燃料生产中普通小球藻SAG 211-11b微藻生物量组成和脂肪酸谱的影响。用改性蓝藻营养物在实验室培养微藻菌株。在美国应用分离公司的Spe-edTM超临界流体萃取设备上进行萃取。采用Schimadzu Nexera 40D系列超高效液相色谱（UHPLC）系统对微藻生物量及其甘油三酯进行分析，该系统配备光电二极管阵列检测器（PDA）和三重四极杆异丁烷气源化学电离质谱仪（CI-MS/MS）。此外，还研究了光照强度和葡萄糖浓度对C.vulgaris微藻生物量生产力的影响，并利用方差分析（ANOVA）定量分析了这些影响的程度。异养微藻的生物量生产力为7.11±0.36 mgL−1day−1。它们的脂肪酸组成以单不饱和脂肪酸为主（59.96%），其中油酸（C18:1）占46.87%，棕榈油酸（C16:1）占9.14%。多不饱和脂肪酸仅占9.59%。而光自养微藻的生物量生产力值为2.8±0.15 mgL−1day−1，总多不饱和脂肪酸（41.82%）较高，其中亚油酸（C18:2）和亚麻酸（C18:3）脂肪酸分别占28.42%和13.40%。不同脂肪酸组分对生物燃料生产的实际意义是，通过光自养途径培养的普通小球藻具有较低的脂质含量（22.18±1.25mg/L），但具有较好的冷流特性。而异养微藻的总脂质含量较高（53.20±2.75mg/L），由于其多不饱和脂肪酸组分含量较低，因此具有较好的生物燃料品质。光照强度、葡萄糖浓度与生物量生产力之间存在很强的正相关关系，直至饱和点。异养型微藻生物燃料的十六烷指数为56.16±2.75，热值为39.82±2.17 MJ/Kg，而光自养型微藻生物燃料的十六烷指数为49.20±2.30，热值为39.33±2.13 MJ/Kg。这表明异养生物燃料具有更好的点火质量和更低的油耗特性。

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Green Technologies and Sustainability

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