Effectiveness of virtual reality to manage pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

Asian Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI:10.1016/j.ajur.2025.01.005

Guilherme M.M. Lopes , Lucas G.C.R. de Amorim , Giovanna V. Gomes , Thaise P. da Silva , Manuel G.R. Martínez , Mohammed A. Ramadhan , Bárbara Vieira Lima Aguiar Melão

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction technologies in managing pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy procedures.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to July 2024, for studies comparing the use of VR distraction technologies versus no VR distraction in patients undergoing cystoscopy. The primary endpoints evaluated were patient-reported anxiety and procedural pain scores, and post-procedural heart rate (HR). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with the use of a random-effects model. The statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.

Results

A total of 575 patients from four randomized controlled trials were included, of whom 289 (50%) underwent the cystoscopy procedure using VR distraction technologies. The mean age of all patients was 57.25 years old, and 395 (69%) of them were male. In our pooled analysis, we did not observe a statistically significant reduction in patient-reported procedural pain (SMD −0.16; 95% CI −0.32–0.00; p=0.060; I²=0%), anxiety (SMD −0.37; 95% CI −1.65–0.90; p=0.6; I²=93%), or post-procedural HR (SMD −0.58; 95% CI −1.62–0.45; p=0.3; I²=97%).

Conclusion

In this comprehensive meta-analysis comprising 575 patients who underwent cystoscopy, the use of VR was not associated with a significant difference in pain, anxiety, or HR levels.

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虚拟现实治疗膀胱镜检查患者疼痛和焦虑的有效性：系统回顾和荟萃分析

目的：本研究旨在通过系统回顾和荟萃分析来评估虚拟现实（VR）分心技术在膀胱镜检查患者疼痛和焦虑治疗中的效果。方法：我们检索PubMed、Embase和Cochrane中央对照试验注册库（Central Register of Controlled Trials），从开始到2024年7月，比较在膀胱镜检查患者中使用VR牵张技术和不使用VR牵张技术的研究。评估的主要终点是患者报告的焦虑和手术疼痛评分，以及手术后心率（HR）。使用随机效应模型计算标准化平均差（SMDs）及其95%置信区间（ci）。使用Review Manager 5.4进行统计分析。结果4项随机对照试验共纳入575例患者，其中289例（50%）采用VR牵张技术进行膀胱镜检查。患者平均年龄57.25岁，其中男性395例（69%）。在我们的汇总分析中，我们没有观察到患者报告的手术疼痛（SMD - 0.16; 95% CI - 0.32-0.00; p=0.060; I2=0%）、焦虑（SMD - 0.37; 95% CI - 1.65-0.90; p=0.6; I2=93%）或手术后HR （SMD - 0.58; 95% CI - 1.62-0.45; p=0.3; I2=97%）的统计学显著降低。在这项包括575名接受膀胱镜检查的患者的综合荟萃分析中，VR的使用与疼痛、焦虑或HR水平的显着差异无关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asian Journal of Urology UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY-

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

3.80%

发文量

100

审稿时长

4 weeks

期刊介绍： Asian Journal of Urology (AJUR), launched in October 2014, is an international peer-reviewed Open Access journal jointly founded by Shanghai Association for Science and Technology (SAST) and Second Military Medical University (SMMU). AJUR aims to build a communication platform for international researchers to effectively share scholarly achievements. It focuses on all specialties of urology both scientifically and clinically, with article types widely covering editorials, opinions, perspectives, reviews and mini-reviews, original articles, cases reports, rapid communications, and letters, etc. Fields of particular interest to the journal including, but not limited to: • Surgical oncology • Endourology • Calculi • Female urology • Erectile dysfunction • Infertility • Pediatric urology • Renal transplantation • Reconstructive surgery • Radiology • Pathology • Neurourology.