Comparative study of the geological characteristics of sedimentary basins in Ghana: Implications for hydrocarbon generation potential

Abstract

Ghana has four sedimentary basins, but attention has mostly been concentrated on the Tano Basin. This preference among potential investors is largely due to the fact that it has been extensively studied and also its established oil and gas reserves, which have facilitated the discovery and development of major fields such as the Jubilee Field. In contrast, the Saltpond, Keta, and Voltaian basins have not undergone the same level of exploration and research, thereby making them less attractive to investors. A comparative analysis of the research conducted on the Tano Basin and the other basins is necessary to identify research opportunities that could enhance understanding of these less-explored basins and increase investor interests. The findings indicate that the Tano Basin requires minimal further exploration, while studies on the Saltpond, Keta, and Voltaian basins have primarily focused on sedimentological and geochemical analyses, offering valuable but limited insights into their petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential. Unlocking Ghana's hydrocarbon potential demands tailored studies for each basin. In the Tano Basin, the key to sustaining and optimizing production lies in advanced seismic reprocessing, pre-stack depth migration, 4D reservoir monitoring, and machine-learning-assisted reservoir characterization to address deepwater complexity and compartmentalization. Revitalizing the Saltpond Basin demands updated petroleum system evaluation through modern geochemical techniques, reprocessed 2D/3D seismic data, and comprehensive 1D–3D basin modeling to clarify trap integrity and overlooked plays. In the underexplored Accra–Keta Basin, high-resolution seismic imaging, sequence stratigraphic mapping, and full petroleum system modeling are essential to define reservoir intervals and assess charge potential. For the Voltaian Basin, a deep seismic profiling, integrated geological mapping, source-rock evaluation, and analog-based reservoir/seal studies are required to evaluate its hydrocarbon potential. These targeted efforts are key to de-risking and advancing exploration. An integrated approach is vital for gaining a deeper understanding of the petroleum system elements in these basins. This will not only expand scientific knowledge and inform decision-making at the highest levels but also provide a strong foundation for future exploration, development, and efficient exploitation of hydrocarbon resources.