[Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders].

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of core neurodevelopmental disorders that include deficits in social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory disorders. There is an increased frequency of gastrointestinal disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders compared to the population of neurotypical children. The factors involved in this increase in frequency are genetic, associated with an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota and dysfunction of the immune system. The most frecuently observed gastrointestinal disorders in these patients are constipation, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, food selectivity or allergy problems, abdominal distension, flatulence, aerophagia, diarrhea, fecal incontinence, enuresis and soiling. Children with autism spectrum disorders often have selective and restricted eating habits, resulting in an unbalanced diet that lacks essential nutrients, which contributes to the development of gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, they often have alterations in sensory processing that affect the perception of digestive symptoms or signals. Understanding and treating gastrointestinal disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders can be challenging. These patients require a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team that includes pediatricians, gastroenterologists, psychologists, nutritionists, occupational therapists, therapeutic companions, neurologists and teachers. Relief of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with autism spectrum disorders can improve sleep, appetite and eating patterns, increase energy levels and contribute to an overall sense of well-being. This improves behavior, cognitive function, and educational skills.