Digital Health Interventions for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Purpose: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) experience significantly increased cardiometabolic risks, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, contributing to reduced life expectancy. Digital health interventions offer scalable opportunities to promote behavior change and support self-management in this high-risk population.

Method: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate nine studies of digital health interventions targeting cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with SMI. Interventions used mobile applications, web-based tools, or wearable devices and incorporated behavioral strategies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing.

Results: Most studies reported improvements in depressive symptoms, physical activity, diet, and cardiometabolic indicators, including weight, A1c, and blood pressure. Although most reported improvements in cardiometabolic and mental health outcomes, findings were limited by small sample sizes, brief follow-up durations, and intervention heterogeneity. Disparities in digital literacy and access also pose implementation challenges.

Conclusion: Digital health interventions show promise for improving physical and mental health in individuals with SMI. Future research should focus on large-scale, theory-driven trials and integration into routine care settings.