Arsenopyrite reveals the deuteric origin of the Saxi tungsten deposit, SW China

IF 1.4 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Acta Geochimica Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI:10.1007/s11631-025-00777-8

Wanbo Li, Mingguo Deng, Qiang Weng, Wenchang Li, Zhen Jia, Wenbo Song, Zhengrong Li, Jiafei Yang

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Abstract

The Saxi tungsten deposit, located in the Laojunshan ore district of southeastern Yunnan Province, is a significant W-polymetallic deposit. The origins of tungsten-bearing pegmatite dikes and quartz vein mineralization in the Saxi deposit remain poorly understood. This study employs in situ U–Pb dating of apatite from the altered granite, along with trace element and S–Pb isotopic analysis of arsenopyrite, to investigate the timing, source of ore-forming fluids and the mechanisms of tungsten enrichment. The apatite in the altered granite yields a U–Pb age of 147.0±4.0 Ma, indicating magmatic activity during the Early Cretaceous. Three generations of arsenopyrite (Apy) are identified: Apy-1 in the altered granite, Apy-2 in the pegmatite dikes and Apy-3 in the quartz veins. The S/Fe ratios for Apy-1, Apy-2 and Apy-3 range from 0.98 to 1.09, 0.89 to 0.92 and 0.86 to 1.02, respectively (average 0.97), suggesting a magmatic-hydrothermal origin. Sulfur isotope values (δ³⁴S = 4.29‰–8.11‰) indicate that it was likely sourced from deep magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Lead isotopic compositions of arsenopyrite suggest that the granitic parental magma is derived from the upper crust. These findings point to a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the vein-type tungsten mineralization, linked to a concealed magmatic-hydrothermal system in the Early Cretaceous.

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砷黄铁矿揭示了中国西南萨溪钨矿的氘成因

萨西钨矿位于滇东南老君山矿区，是一个重要的钨多金属矿床。萨西矿床含钨伟晶岩脉和石英脉成矿成因尚不清楚。利用蚀变花岗岩磷灰石原位U-Pb测年，结合毒砂微量元素和S-Pb同位素分析，探讨了成矿时间、成矿流体来源和钨富集机制。蚀变花岗岩中磷灰石的U-Pb年龄为147.0±4.0 Ma，反映了早白垩世的岩浆活动。鉴定出3代毒砂（Apy），分别为蚀变花岗岩中的Apy-1、伟晶岩脉中的Apy-2和石英脉中的Apy-3。Apy-1、Apy-2和Apy-3的S/Fe比值分别为0.98 ~ 1.09、0.89 ~ 0.92和0.86 ~ 1.02（平均0.97），表明其岩浆-热液成因。硫同位素值（δ34S = 4.29‰~ 8.11‰）表明其可能来源于深部岩浆热液。毒砂的铅同位素特征表明其花岗岩母岩浆来源于上地壳。这些发现表明脉状钨矿的岩浆-热液成因与早白垩世隐伏的岩浆-热液系统有关。

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来源期刊

Acta Geochimica GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS-

CiteScore

2.80

自引率

6.20%

发文量

1134

期刊介绍： Acta Geochimica serves as the international forum for essential research on geochemistry, the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth‘s crust, its oceans and the entire Solar System, as well as a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt. The journal focuses on, but is not limited to the following aspects: • Cosmochemistry • Mantle Geochemistry • Ore-deposit Geochemistry • Organic Geochemistry • Environmental Geochemistry • Computational Geochemistry • Isotope Geochemistry • NanoGeochemistry All research articles published in this journal have undergone rigorous peer review. In addition to original research articles, Acta Geochimica publishes reviews and short communications, aiming to rapidly disseminate the research results of timely interest, and comprehensive reviews of emerging topics in all the areas of geochemistry.