The age-related expression patterns of Larix kaempferi AP2 subfamily genes and functional dissection of LkTOE1-2 in seed formation and germination.

IF 4.8

Forestry research Pub Date : 2025-11-19 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.48130/forres-0025-0028

Zha-Long Ye, Xiang-Yi Li, Man-Li Nong, Xiao-Mei Sun, Wanfeng Li

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Abstract

Conifers pose challenges for breeding programs due to their extended vegetative phases. Despite the critical role of APETALA2 (AP2) in regulating phase transitions, the AP2/ERF superfamily remains largely unexplored in gymnosperms. Here, the first genome-wide analysis of the AP2/ERF superfamily in a conifer, Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch) is presented, and 374 members were identified. Among all eight paralogs, four euAP2 lineage genes, TARGET OF EATs (TOEs), exhibit age-decreased expression patterns. Functional characterization of LkTOE1-2 demonstrates its involvement in somatic embryogenesis and seed germination. Importantly, the RUBY reporter system confirmed an enhanced promoter activity in somatic embryo maturation. Over-expression of LkTOE1-2 in Arabidopsis accelerates seed germination by 23.77%, bolting by 6.93%, and flowering by 5.92%. This study provides not only an expanded genomic resource for gymnosperms but also a candidate gene (LkTOE1-2) to shorten the juvenile phase of larch via molecular breeding.

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山山落叶松AP2亚家族基因的年龄相关表达模式及LkTOE1-2在种子形成和萌发中的功能剖析

针叶树由于其延长的营养阶段，对育种计划提出了挑战。尽管aptala2 （AP2）在调控相变中起着关键作用，但AP2/ERF超家族在裸子植物中仍未被广泛研究。本文首次对针叶树日本落叶松（Larix kaempferi） AP2/ERF超家族进行了全基因组分析，鉴定出374个成员。在所有8个类似物中，4个euAP2谱系基因，TARGET OF EATs (TOEs)，表现出年龄减少的表达模式。LkTOE1-2的功能表征表明其参与体细胞胚胎发生和种子萌发。重要的是，RUBY报告系统证实了在体细胞胚胎成熟过程中启动子活性的增强。过表达LkTOE1-2可使拟南芥种子萌发率提高23.77%，抽苔率提高6.93%，开花率提高5.92%。本研究不仅为裸子植物提供了丰富的基因组资源，而且通过分子育种为落叶松幼龄期缩短提供了候选基因（LkTOE1-2）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Forestry research

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