Age-Stratified Impact of Early Virtual Reality Intervention on Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Randomized Trial.

Abstract

Although it is known that virtual reality (VR) reduces presurgical anxiety, it has neither been stratified by age to determine its effect, nor has been applied before the day of surgery. This study has a novel age-stratified design offering VR months before surgery to address these unstudied issues.This was a unicentered, blinded clinical trial with parallel groups stratified by age (5-8 and 9-12 years), including major outpatient surgery patients. VR video showing the course of surgery was offered months before surgery. This study had ethical committee approval. The main variable was the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) before entering the operating room. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) measured basal anxiety and the Posthospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) measured behavior after 1 month. For comparison, Student's t-test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used.Of 72 patients, 6 met exclusion criteria and 5 withdrew consent. Of the remaining 61, 56 completed mYPAS. The mYPAS decrease was significant for children aged 5 to 8 years (28.33 VIDEO vs. 35.83 non-VIDEO; p = 0.042) (rank coefficient 0.45 [0.05-0.72]). In the children aged 9 to 12 years (32.91 vs. 33.33; p = 0.864), a tiny correlation (r = 0.04 [0.38-0.45]) was found. A total of 96.67% of CBCLs (n = 58) scored normal. The 57 completed PHBQs had very low scores, both in non-VIDEO (0.00 [0.00-4.50]) and in VIDEO groups (0.00 [0.00-4.50]). No differences were found; neither globally (p > 0.05), nor depending on age (5-8 years, p = 0.508/9-12 years, p = 0.661).VR may reduce preoperative anxiety in younger children (5 to 8 years), though its effect in the entire group was borderline. Larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm age and timing benefits.