Intuitive Thinking is Associated with Stronger Belief in Physiognomy and Confidence in the Accuracy of Facial Impressions.

Abstract

Physiognomy, the idea that a person's character is reflected in their facial features, has a long history in scholarly thought. Although now widely regarded as pseudoscience in academic circles, recent work suggests that laypeople hold physiognomic beliefs and that belief endorsement is associated with support for facial profiling technology and other outcomes. Here, we build on previous work and investigate who believes in physiognomy. In four studies (three preregistered), we (1) assess the prevalence of physiognomic beliefs across different sociodemographic groups, and (2) investigate its psychological correlates. In a large, representative sample of the Dutch population (Study 1, n = 2624), about 50% of participants at least somewhat endorsed physiognomic beliefs. Endorsement of physiognomic beliefs varied little as a function of gender, age, education, and income. Across different measures of thinking styles and other lay beliefs, we found that physiognomic beliefs were most strongly related to how much people trust their intuitions-an association that emerged consistently with British (Study 2, n = 224), Nigerian (Study 3, n = 147), and Dutch participants (Study 4, n = 388). Participants who scored higher on faith in intuition were also more confident in the accuracy of their face-based trustworthiness impressions. In sum, the present studies suggest that lay beliefs in physiognomy are (a) common, (b) similarly endorsed across various socio-demographic groups, and (c) associated with an intuitive thinking style.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10919-025-00497-w.