Comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes and ADHD: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Males and Females From the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry.

IF 1.9 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Pediatric Diabetes Pub Date : 2025-11-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1155/pedi/9574797

Kristin Andersen Bakke, Cathrine Brunborg, Egil Midtlyng, Sissel Berge Helverschou, Torild Skrivarhaug

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims: This study of interactions between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and type 1 diabetes has two aims. First, compare the prevalence of prescribed ADHD medications in individuals with type 1 diabetes to the general paediatric population in Norway. Second, study trajectories in mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in individuals with comorbid ADHD in comparison to individuals with type 1 diabetes only.

Methods: Part 1 uses data from the Norwegian Prescription Database and register linkage between the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry (NCDR) and the Norwegian Prescribed Drug Registry to obtain yearly prevalence in the general population and NCDR between 2005 and 2019. Part 2 uses data from annual controls in NCDR between 2005 and 2022. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age and diabetes duration were used to compare mean HbA1c in 365 individuals (66% males) with comorbid ADHD to 5,888 individuals (54% males) with type 1 diabetes only.

Results: Part 1: Yearly prevalence (2009-2019) ranged from 0.02 to 0.52 percentage points higher in NCDR than in the general population. The difference was significant only for 2017. Part 2: Mean national HbA1c decreased from 2012 to 2022 but was higher in individuals with comorbid ADHD. This difference was significant from 2016 (67.6 mmol/mol [8.3%] vs. 64.5 mmol/mol [8.1%]) to 2022 (57.5 mmol/mol [7.4%] vs. 54.7 mmol/mol [7.2%]). When grouped by sex, these differences continued to be significant in males (except in 2018), but not in females. Individuals with ADHD were more likely to have experienced at least one episode of diabetic ketoacidosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.04, 1.86]; males: OR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.15, 2.36]; females: OR = 1.10, 95% CI [0.658, 1.83]).

Conclusion: Mean national HbA1c decreased in Norway during the last decade, but continued to be higher in individuals with comorbid ADHD than in individuals with type 1 diabetes only.

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1型糖尿病和ADHD的合并症：来自挪威儿童糖尿病登记处的男性和女性的纵向队列研究

目的：本研究的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和1型糖尿病之间的相互作用有两个目的。首先，比较挪威1型糖尿病患者与普通儿科人群处方ADHD药物的流行程度。其次，与仅患有1型糖尿病的个体相比，共病ADHD个体的平均糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的研究轨迹。方法：第一部分使用来自挪威处方数据库的数据以及挪威儿童糖尿病登记处（NCDR）和挪威处方药登记处之间的登记链接，以获得2005年至2019年期间普通人群和NCDR的年度患病率。第2部分使用了2005年至2022年期间ndr年度控制的数据。采用调整年龄和糖尿病病程的线性混合效应模型，比较365例（66%男性）共病ADHD患者和5888例（54%男性）仅患有1型糖尿病患者的平均HbA1c。第1部分：ndr的年患病率（2009-2019年）比普通人群高0.02至0.52个百分点。这一差异仅在2017年才显著。第2部分：从2012年到2022年，全国平均HbA1c下降，但共病ADHD患者的HbA1c较高。从2016年（67.6 mmol/mol[8.3%]对64.5 mmol/mol[8.1%]）到2022年（57.5 mmol/mol[7.4%]对54.7 mmol/mol[7.2%]），这一差异是显著的。当按性别分组时，这些差异在男性中仍然很显著（2018年除外），但在女性中则没有。ADHD患者更有可能至少经历一次糖尿病酮症酸中毒发作（优势比[OR] = 1.39, 95%可信区间[CI][1.04, 1.86]；男性：OR = 1.65, 95% CI[1.15, 2.36]；女性：OR = 1.10, 95% CI[0.658, 1.83]）。结论：挪威的平均全国HbA1c在过去十年中有所下降，但伴随ADHD的个体的HbA1c继续高于仅患有1型糖尿病的个体。

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来源期刊

Pediatric Diabetes 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

14.70%

发文量

141

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Pediatric Diabetes is a bi-monthly journal devoted to disseminating new knowledge relating to the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, management, complications and prevention of diabetes in childhood and adolescence. The aim of the journal is to become the leading vehicle for international dissemination of research and practice relating to diabetes in youth. Papers are considered for publication based on the rigor of scientific approach, novelty, and importance for understanding mechanisms involved in the epidemiology and etiology of this disease, especially its molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects. Work relating to the clinical presentation, course, management and outcome of diabetes, including its physical and emotional sequelae, is considered. In vitro studies using animal or human tissues, whole animal and clinical studies in humans are also considered. The journal reviews full-length papers, preliminary communications with important new information, clinical reports, and reviews of major topics. Invited editorials, commentaries, and perspectives are a regular feature. The editors, based in the USA, Europe, and Australasia, maintain regular communications to assure rapid turnaround time of submitted manuscripts.