Advancement of wheelchairs in the field of medical science integration from biosensors to drone technology

Abstract

Wheelchairs are fundamental assistive mobility devices that support the enjoyment of human rights and a dignified quality of life. They are particularly vital for individuals with mobility limitations resulting from accidents, spinal cord injuries, or stroke. This narrative review aims to analyze current wheelchair designs, their clinical applicability, and emerging innovations, while also identifying persistent challenges related to accessibility, affordability, and user training. Modern wheelchairs increasingly integrate advanced technologies that allow better customization to meet diverse user needs, ranging from basic mobility support to sophisticated power-assisted systems. Beyond their functional role, wheelchairs promote independence, social participation, and inclusion, enabling individuals with disabilities to engage more fully in their personal, educational, and professional environments. Despite significant progress, gaps remain in equitable access, cost-effectiveness, and the dissemination of adequate training programs, underscoring the need for continued research, innovation, and policy development.