Food anaphylaxis: data from the French Allergy-Vigilance Network, 2002–2022

Abstract

Introduction

The number of hospitalizations for food-induced anaphylaxis is rising in industrialized countries. Our aim was to give an overview of food-induced anaphylaxis cases recorded in the French Allergy-Vigilance Network database focusing on the type of allergens, particularities according to elderly people, severity, cofactors, and management.

Methods

Food-induced anaphylaxis cases recorded in the Allergy-Vigilance Network database from 2002 to 2022 were analysed retrospectively.

Results

Of the 4282 cases of anaphylaxis registered by the Allergy-Vigilance Network, 2842 (66.4 %) cases involved food. Of these, 1591 (52.4 %) were children (under 18 years), 1062 (37.3 %) adults (18 to 59 years) and 189 (6.6 %) people aged ≥ 60 years. Eighteen fatalities have been reported. Tree nuts and peanut together accounted for 34.4 % of allergens, followed by fruits (8.7 %) and legumes (other than peanut) (6.6 %). The most frequent cofactor was physical exercise reported in 57 % of cases in children and 38 % in adults. Adrenaline was administered in 24.4 % of cases. Several allergens should be subject to specific mandatory labeling, particularly goat's and sheep's milk responsible for two deaths.

Conclusion

In our database, foods, mainly peanut and tree nuts, represent the most common anaphylaxis triggers and children are involved in more than half of cases. Our data highlight a room for improvement in the management of anaphylaxis, particularly the use of adrenaline. New technological tools, such as artificial intelligence, collaboration with health authorities and other registries are required to address knowledge gaps regarding severe anaphylaxis.