Densities and viscosities for the ternary mixtures of pinane + 2,2,4 – trimethylpentane (isooctane) + ethyl octanoate and corresponding binaries at T = (293.15 to 333.15) K

Abstract

In the global efforts to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable development, the potential of utilizing biomass as an alternative to fossil fuels is substantial. This holds significant implications for environmental protection and sustainable development. The composition of fuel fundamentally determines its physicochemical properties and influences all aspects of engineering applications. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental physical properties of biomass-blended jet fuel, this study investigates a ternary fuel system comprising pinane, 2,2,4 – trimethylpentane (isooctane), and ethyl octanoate. The densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of the ternary mixtures and the three corresponding binary mixtures were measured under temperatures T = (293.15 to 333.15) K and pressure p = 0.1 MPa. The excess molar volume ($V_m^E$) and viscosity deviation (Δη) of binary mixtures were calculated and fitted by employing the Redlich-Kister equation. The $V_m^E$ values exhibit positive over the entire concentration range in the binary mixtures involving pinane and ethyl octanoate, while they are both negative for the other two binary systems. The Δη values of the three binary systems are all negative. For ternary mixtures, four semi-empirical equations (Clibuka, Singh, Redlich-Kister, and Nagata-Tamura) were utilized to establish the correlations between their $V_m^E$ and Δη to composition. Among these equations, the Nagata-Tamura equation demonstrates superior fitting accuracy. This research provides valuable data support and guidance for the compatibility investigations of biomass blended jet fuels.