Perceptions of older people regarding drone-delivered defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a qualitative study.

Abstract

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) presents a significant public health challenge. Bystander utilisation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can improve survival. Drone delivery of AEDs may improve rates of bystander defibrillation. However, whereas most cardiac arrests occur in older people, there is minimal evidence on the perceptions of older people regarding AED delivery by drone. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of individuals aged 65 years and over on the use of drone technology for AED delivery in OHCA situations.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken to gather insights into participants' perceptions about drone AED delivery. Responses were thematically analysed.

Results: Three main themes were identified from 12 interviews conducted between May and July 2024: (1) the interaction between the human and the drone; (2) perceived societal benefits of drone AED delivery for OHCA; and (3) safety and public perception. Participants expressed complex reactions to drone-delivered AEDs, and expressed concerns about correct AED usage and the emotional difficulty of leaving a patient unattended. Many anticipated guilt about possibly being unable to use the AED effectively in high-stress situations. Participants acknowledged the potential for drones to save lives by reducing response times in OHCA, but raised concerns about safety and public education. There was a strong consensus on the importance of public education and training to build confidence in using both AEDs and drone technology.

Conclusion: Although participants appreciated the rapid delivery of AEDs via drones for OHCA, they expressed significant concerns about their own ability to use the AED alongside the emotional burden associated with emergency situations. The findings emphasise the need for enhanced public education and psychological support to ensure effective bystander intervention in general. Additionally, prior to any roll-out of drone-delivered AEDs, there should be a specific programme of education to bridge the gap between technological acceptance and practical application.