Compounds and Monomeric Active Ingredients of Resolving Phlegm and Removing Stasis Therapy (RPST) for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.
Yantao Li, Huiting Peng, Shuting Zhou, Hongyu Li, Yue An, Nuoyi Ruan, Zhe Sun, Sisi Wang, Yang Cao
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85%. Modern medical treatments are confronted with challenges such as drug resistance and poor patient tolerance. As a treasure of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China, characterized by multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel, TCM shows direct anti-tumor effects and enhances immune function. Syndrome differentiation and treatment is an important core idea of TCM. In the TCM theoretical system, the occurrence and development of lung cancer are closely related to "phlegm" and "blood stasis". Therefore, Resolving Phlegm and Removing Stasis Therapy (RPST) has shown significant value in clinical application and mechanism research.
Aim of the review: We aim to summarize the progress of RPST in treating NSCLC. We not only analyze its clinical efficacy in TCM. but also summarize the mechanism of the active components of this method, providing the potential therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
Methods: All the literature information in this review was collected from relevant articles in the scientific databases PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI from 2010 to 2025.
Results: This review elaborates on the effects of compound TCM and their active components of RPST on NSCLC from the perspectives of clinical research and mechanism research respectively. We systematically summarized 11 modified prescriptions derived from ancient classic formulas, whose safety and efficacy have been confirmed through years of clinical practice. In addition, we systematically summarized 24 clinical studies in total and found that the application of TCM compounds for RPST can effectively reduce tumor size, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and alleviate TCM-related symptoms. Meanwhile, this review sorted out 26 single herbs that have been used since ancient times and possess anti-lung cancer effects. Studies on their active ingredients revealed that their anti-tumor mechanisms involve multi-pathway and multi-target effects, such as inducing apoptosis of lung cancer cells, inhibiting cell viability, invasion, and migration, and reversing drug resistance, etc. CONCLUSION: RPST compounds and their active ingredients have exhibited remarkable anti-cancer effects, particularly in suppressing the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. A growing body of research has underscored its potential clinical significance in lung cancer treatment, providing robust evidence for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
民族药理学相关性：非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是最常见的肺癌病理类型，约占85%。现代医学治疗面临着耐药性和患者耐受性差等挑战。中药是中国中医药的瑰宝，具有多成分、多靶点、多渠道的特点，具有直接的抗肿瘤作用和增强免疫功能。辨证论治是中医的重要核心思想。在中医理论体系中，肺癌的发生发展与“痰”、“血瘀”密切相关。因此，化痰化瘀法在临床应用和机理研究方面具有重要的价值。综述目的：总结RPST治疗非小细胞肺癌的进展。我们不仅分析其在中医中的临床疗效。同时总结了该方法有效成分的作用机制，为非小细胞肺癌的治疗提供潜在的策略。方法：本综述的所有文献信息来源于PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI等科学数据库2010 - 2025年的相关文章。结果：本文分别从临床研究和机制研究的角度阐述复方中药及其有效成分RPST对NSCLC的作用。我们系统总结了11种源自古代经典方剂的加味方剂，这些方剂的安全性和有效性经过多年的临床实践得到了证实。此外，我们系统总结了共24项临床研究，发现中药复方治疗RPST可以有效缩小肿瘤大小，提高疗效，缓解中医相关症状。同时，本文整理出了26种自古以来使用的具有抗肺癌作用的单味中药。对其有效成分的研究表明，其抗肿瘤机制涉及多途径、多靶点作用，如诱导肺癌细胞凋亡、抑制细胞活力、侵袭和迁移、逆转耐药等。结论：RPST化合物及其有效成分具有显著的抗癌作用，特别是抑制肺癌的侵袭和转移。越来越多的研究强调了它在肺癌治疗中的潜在临床意义，为开发新的治疗策略提供了有力的证据。
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Ethnopharmacology is dedicated to the exchange of information and understandings about people''s use of plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms and minerals and their biological and pharmacological effects based on the principles established through international conventions. Early people confronted with illness and disease, discovered a wealth of useful therapeutic agents in the plant and animal kingdoms. The empirical knowledge of these medicinal substances and their toxic potential was passed on by oral tradition and sometimes recorded in herbals and other texts on materia medica. Many valuable drugs of today (e.g., atropine, ephedrine, tubocurarine, digoxin, reserpine) came into use through the study of indigenous remedies. Chemists continue to use plant-derived drugs (e.g., morphine, taxol, physostigmine, quinidine, emetine) as prototypes in their attempts to develop more effective and less toxic medicinals.
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