Functional and phenotypic characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tuberculosis patients in Southern Thailand.

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Frontiers in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-10-07 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1639808

Pyae Sone Oo, Jomkwan Ongarj, Ratchanon Sophonmanee, Narisa Mohthong, Sahasawat Suksan, Natapohn Saowaphong, Rachel Tanner, Nawamin Pinpathomrat

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with active TB disease (ATB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) representing distinct immunological states. Understanding immune responses in these groups is critical for developing effective interventions. The complex nature of immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) within and between different stages of TB, host evasion mechanisms of the bacterium, variable protection conferred by the BCG vaccine in adults, and lack of validated immune correlates of protection are among the key challenges to the successful control of TB.

Methods: In the present study, we conducted functional and phenotypic characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a cohort in Southern Thailand. We compared immune responses in individuals with ATB, LTBI and healthy controls (HC) using flow cytometry (ATB n = 9, LTBI n = 11, HC n = 10) and the mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) (ATB n = 13, LTBI n = 15, HC n = 15).

Results: MGIA revealed significantly enhanced control of BCG growth in the ATB group compared to LTBI and HC groups. Furthermore, NK cell frequency and TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in ATB compared to LTBI and HC groups, and CD4+ T cell TNF-α responses correlated with mycobacterial growth control.

Discussion: The findings from this study demonstrate differential immune responses across TB stages in this cohort, identify potential cellular markers for TB diagnosis and monitoring, and may guide vaccine strategies and host-directed therapies.

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泰国南部结核病患者外周血单个核细胞的功能和表型特征。

结核病（TB）仍然是一个全球性的健康挑战，活动性结核病（ATB）和潜伏性结核感染（LTBI）代表不同的免疫状态。了解这些群体的免疫反应对于制定有效的干预措施至关重要。结核病不同阶段内和之间对结核分枝杆菌（M.tb）的免疫反应的复杂性、细菌的宿主逃避机制、成人卡介苗提供的不同保护以及缺乏有效的免疫相关保护是成功控制结核病的关键挑战。方法：在本研究中，我们对泰国南部一个队列的外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）进行了功能和表型表征。我们使用流式细胞术（ATB n = 9, LTBI n = 11, HC n = 10）和分枝杆菌生长抑制试验（MGIA）（ATB n = 13, LTBI n = 15, HC n = 15）比较了ATB、LTBI和健康对照（HC）个体的免疫反应。结果：与LTBI和HC组相比，MGIA显示ATB组对BCG生长的控制明显增强。此外，与LTBI和HC组相比，ATB组NK细胞频率和TNF-α水平显著升高，CD4+ T细胞TNF-α反应与分枝杆菌生长控制相关。讨论：这项研究的结果表明，在该队列中，不同结核病阶段的免疫反应存在差异，确定了结核病诊断和监测的潜在细胞标志物，并可能指导疫苗策略和宿主定向治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Immunology IMMUNOLOGY-

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

11.00%

发文量

7153

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Immunology is a leading journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across basic, translational and clinical immunology. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. Frontiers in Immunology is the official Journal of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). Encompassing the entire field of Immunology, this journal welcomes papers that investigate basic mechanisms of immune system development and function, with a particular emphasis given to the description of the clinical and immunological phenotype of human immune disorders, and on the definition of their molecular basis.