Testicular germ cell tumors and molecular biomarkers.

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

Current Opinion in Urology Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI:10.1097/MOU.0000000000001353

Bruno Oliveira-Lopes, Nuno Tiago Tavares, João Lobo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common neoplasms in young-adult males. Despite their good prognosis and high curability, some challenges remain, namely: overtreatment, discrimination of teratoma, prediction of relapse and cisplatin resistance. Novel molecular biomarkers are being tested for future clinical implementation.

Recent findings: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most promising approach for noninvasive diagnosis of TGCTs. MiR-371a-3p has shown high sensitivity and specificity in many studies with different approaches and is in line to enter clinical routine soon. Novel immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers like FOXA2 have been advanced for yolk sac tumor diagnosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection constitutes a promising test in the field.

Summary: Further studies on additional noninvasive biomarkers with high sensitivity are necessary. In this setting, miR-371a-3p remains the most promising biomarker, approaching clinical implementation soon. Other promising approaches are being studied but to date with significantly less accuracy than miR-371a-3p. Future studies on liquid biopsies should focus on the detection of teratoma and prediction of relapse, with the field of miRNAs and ctDNA being the most promising.

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睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤及分子生物标志物。

综述目的：睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（tgct）是年轻成年男性最常见的肿瘤。尽管预后良好，治愈率高，但仍存在一些挑战，即过度治疗、畸胎瘤的鉴别、预测复发和顺铂耐药性。新的分子生物标志物正在为未来的临床应用进行测试。最新发现：MicroRNAs （miRNAs）是tgct无创诊断最有前途的方法。MiR-371a-3p在许多不同途径的研究中显示出较高的敏感性和特异性，有望很快进入临床常规。FOXA2等新型免疫组织化学（IHC）生物标志物已被用于卵黄囊肿瘤的诊断。循环肿瘤DNA （ctDNA）水平在微小残留病（MRD）检测领域是一个很有前途的测试。总结：有必要进一步研究其他无创、高灵敏度的生物标志物。在这种情况下，miR-371a-3p仍然是最有希望的生物标志物，很快就会进入临床应用。其他有希望的方法正在研究中，但迄今为止，其准确性明显低于miR-371a-3p。未来液体活检的研究应集中在畸胎瘤的检测和复发预测上，其中mirna和ctDNA是最有前途的领域。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Urology 医学-泌尿学与肾脏学

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

4.00%

发文量

140

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Opinion in Urology delivers a broad-based perspective on the most recent and most exciting developments in urology from across the world. Published bimonthly and featuring ten key topics – including focuses on prostate cancer, bladder cancer and minimally invasive urology – the journal’s renowned team of guest editors ensure a balanced, expert assessment of the recently published literature in each respective field with insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews.