Channel Measurement and Modeling for 380 MHz V2I Emergency Communications in Forested Scenarios

Abstract

Emergency communication in forested environments encounters extremely complex propagation conditions, whose channel characteristics cannot be accurately captured by conventional models designed for urban scenarios. This paper conducts field measurements and modeling for 380 MHz vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links in the primeval forest of the Greater Khingan Mountains. Through joint analysis of large-scale and small-scale channel characteristics, we systematically reveal the signal attenuation, fading mechanisms, and delay spread behavior in such environments. Results indicate that for path loss modeling, the Alpha-Beta model outperforms the Close-In model in characterizing the rapid attenuation in dense foliage. Small-scale fading is predominantly Rayleigh-distributed, while Ricean fading only dominates in the initial stage, with its K-factor decreasing significantly as distance increases. The root mean square (RMS) delay spread ranges from 0 to 450 ns, follows a log-normal distribution, and is markedly larger than in urban scenarios. Based on these observations, a parametric tapped-delay-line (TDL) model is developed, effectively quantifying multipath delay, power decay, and fading characteristics. The proposed model can reproduce realistic propagation features in simulations, offering theoretical support for emergency communication system planning and optimization, as well as engineering guidance for enhancing communication reliability and coverage in disaster rescue scenarios.